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[LC Biology] > The Heart And Blood Vessels > Flashcards

The Heart And Blood Vessels Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an open circulatory system?

A

Where the heart pumps blood into vessels that are open-ended. E.g spiders

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2
Q

What is an open circulatory system?

A

Where the heart pumps blood into vessels that are open-ended. E.g spiders

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3
Q

What is an open circulatory system?

A

Where the heart pumps blood into vessels that are open-ended. E.g spiders

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4
Q

Is a closed system or an open system more efficient?

A

A closed system is more efficient

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5
Q

Why is a closed circulatory system better than an open one?

A
  1. Blood can be pumped around the body faster, allowing the animal to be more active
  2. It allows the flow of blood to different organs to be increased or decreased
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6
Q

What is the composition of a closed circulatory system in humans?

A
  1. Blood
  2. Blood vessels
  3. The heart
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7
Q

What are arteries?

A

Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Arteries divide into smaller vessels called arterioles

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8
Q

What are veins?

A

Veins carry blood to the heart. Small veins are called venules

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9
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Capillaries are tiny vessels that link arteries and veins

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10
Q

What is the outer layer of veins and arteries?

A

Inelastic protein (collagen) which prevents the walls from over expansion

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11
Q

What is the outer layer of veins and arteries?

A

Inelastic protein (collagen) which prevents the walls from over expansion

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12
Q

What is the middle layer of veins and arteries?

A

Muscle and elastic fibres. The muscle is involuntary and can alter the size of the vessel. The elastic fibres bring the vessel back to shape when the muscle relaxes. The recoil of the artery also helps to pump blood.

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13
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

The force the blood exerts against the wall of a blood vessel

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14
Q

When is blood pressure the highest?

A

When the heart contracts

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15
Q

How can a pulse be detected?

A

By the expansion of the artery

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16
Q

What is the purpose of valves?

A

Valves help control the direction of blood flow

17
Q

What adaptation do capillaries have?

A

Capillary walls are permeable so they allow exchange of materials between the blood and body tissues (diffusion)

18
Q

What is the heart made of?

A

Cardiac muscle

19
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

A double membrane surrounding the heart

20
Q

What does pericardial fluid do?

A

Helps to reduce friction when the heart beats

21
Q

How is cardiac muscle suitable for its role?

A

Cardiac muscle is slow to fatigue

22
Q

What is the septum?

A

A wall that divides the heart in two sides

23
Q

What do the atria do?

A

Pump blood to the lower chambers or ventricles.

24
Q

Do atria have thick or thin walls?

A

Thin walls

25
Q

What do the ventricles do?

A

Pump blood out of the heart

26
Q

Which ventricle pumps blood to the lungs?

A

The right ventricle

27
Q

Which ventricle pumps blood to the head and body?

A

The left ventricle.

28
Q

Which ventricle is thicker?

A

The left ventricle

29
Q

What hold valves in place

A

Tough cords called Tendons

30
Q

How are tendons attached to the walls of the heart?

A

By projections called papillary muscles

31
Q

What do the valves ensure happens?

A

That blood can only flow from the atria to the ventricles

32
Q

What name of the valve on the right hand side?

A

The tricuspid valve

33
Q

What is the name of the valve on the left hand side?

A

The bicuspid valve

34
Q

What is the purpose of the semilunar valves?

A

They allow blood to flow out of the heart into the 2 main arteries

35
Q

What is the LORD acronym?

A

LO= Left Oxygenated
RD= Right Deoxygenated

36
Q

What word is used to refer to the front of the heart?

A

Ventral

37
Q

What word is used to refer to the back of the heart?

A

Dorsal

[LC Biology] (10 decks)

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