The Breathing System

Question 1

Where is air inhaled?

Answer 1

Through the nose

Question 2

What are advantages of inhaling through the nose?

Answer 2

• Air borne bacteria are filtered
• Air is moistened and warmed- allowing it to diffuse into the capillaries easier

Question 3

What is in the pharynx?

Answer 3

Throat; contains the Epiglottis and Larynx

Question 4

What is the epiglottis?

Answer 4

A flap of tissue that prevents food/water entering the trachea

Question 5

What is the trachea

Answer 5

Where air passes through into the bronchi

Question 6

What protects the trachea?

Answer 6

Rings of cartilage (protein) surround the trachea to protect by ensuring it doesn’t close in on itself

Question 7

Why does the trachea contain mucous?

Answer 7

To capture harmful bacteria and dust

Question 8

What are cilia?

Answer 8

Tiny hairs that allow for an upward movement of mucous up past the epiglottis and down the oesophagus

Question 9

What are bronchi

Answer 9

The trachea divides into the bronchi, found in the lungs

Question 10

What are bronchioles?

Answer 10

The bronchi further divide into bronchiole (narrower)

Question 11

What happens to someone’s bronchiole if they differ from asthma?

Answer 11

Their bronchiole are restricted

Question 12

How do asthma inhalers work?

Answer 12

Asthma inhalers work by dilating the bronchiole

Question 13

What is the function of alveoli?

Answer 13

Gas exchange

Question 14

What’s gas exchange?

Answer 14

Oxygen from air enters the capillaries in exchange for carbon dioxide

Question 15

What are adaptations of the alveoli?

Answer 15

Alveoli are thin walled, numerous and elastic

Question 16

What part of the brain is responsible for involuntary processes?

Answer 16

The Medulla Oblongata

Question 17

What triggers the breathing rate (homeostasis)

Answer 17

Carbon dioxide levels in the blood trigger breathing rate

Question 18

What does carbon dioxide dissolved in water form?

Answer 18

Weak carbonic acid

Question 19

What pH does blood need to be?

Answer 19

7.4

Question 20

What happens when there is too much carbonic acid in the blood?

Answer 20

The blood levels dio below pH 7. This can denature enzymes throughout the body

Question 21

Outline the inhalation process

Answer 21

1. Carbon dioxide levels cause the brain to send messages to contract and flatten the diaphragm
2. Intercostal muscles contract and the ribs move up and out
3. The volume of the thoracic cavity increases, resulting in decreased pressure in the lungs
4. The difference in pressure in the lungs and outside the body causes air to move in

Question 22

Outline the exhalation process

Answer 22

1. Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax
2. Ribs move down and in
3. Diaphragm curves up
4. Volume of thoracic cavity decreases, resulting in increased pressure in the lungs
5. The difference in pressure in the lungs and outside the body causes carbon dioxide to move out

Question 23

What percentage of the air we breathe in is oxygen ?

Answer 23

21%

Question 24

What percentage of the air we breath out is cabin dioxide?

Answer 24

5.6%

Question 25

Does inhalation or exhalation have higher amounts of water vapour?

Answer 25

Exhalation

Question 26

What effect does exercise have on the breathing rate?

Answer 26

Exercise increases rates of respiration

Question 27

What cell organelle produces CO2?

Answer 27

Mitochondria

Question 28

When is exhalation an active process?

Answer 28

Exhalation becomes active when the brain detects an increased rate of respiration. It becomes active to remove as much CO2 as possible- deeper and faster breathing

Question 29

What is a common breathing disorder?

Answer 29

Asthma

Question 30

What are symptoms of asthma ?

Answer 30

Wheezy breathing and feeling of breathlessness

Question 31

What causes asthma?

Answer 31

Dust or allergens

Question 32

How can you prevent asthma?

Answer 32

Stay away for dusty areas and allergens

Question 33

What is a treatment for asthma?

Answer 33

Inhaler