Cell Diversity Flashcards
What is biological organisation?
Cells - Tissues - Organs - Organ Systems - Organisms
What is a tissue?
A tissue is a group of similar cells that are modified to carry out the same function
What are the the four types of animal tissue?
Connective, epithelial, muscle and nervous tissue
What are the four types of plant tissue?
Dermal, vascular, ground and meristematic
What is the description of nervous tissue?
Nervous tissue is composed of nerve cells called neurons
What is the function of nervous tissue?
Neurons are adapted to carry electrical impulses to and from the brain and spinal cord
What is the description of connective tissue?
Connective tissue consists of cells spread out in a matrix that is produced by the connective cells. Connective tissue joins and supports other body structures
What is an example of connective tissue?
Blood is an example of connective tissue because it consists of red cells, white cells and platelets suspended in a matrix called plasma
Where is dermal tissue located?
Dermal tissue (epidermis) is like the skin on a plant. Epidermis is found as a covering on leaves, stems and roots
What is the description of dermal tissue?
Dermal tissue often has cells with a thickened cell wall. Sometimes the epidermis has a waterproof layer, called a cuticle, on its outer surface
What is the function of dermal tissue?
The main function is to protect the plant. If a cuticle is present, the dermal tissue has a secondary function of preventing water loss from the plant.
What is vascular tissue?
Vascular tissue transports material around a plant. It has two types of cells, xylem and phloem
What is the description of xylem?
Xylem is vascular tissue consisting of hollow tubes
What is the function of xylem?
The function of xylem is to transport water (and dissolved minerals) throughout the plant
What is the description of phloem?
Phloem is vascular tissue that consists of a series of tube-like structures
What is the function of phloem?
The function of phloem is to transport food
What is tissue culturing?
Tissue culturing is the growth of cells in or on a sterile nutrient medium outside an organism
What is an example of tissue culturing through plant breeding?
Micropropagation is the growth of large numbers of plants from very small plant pieces
What is an example of tissue culturing through animal breeding?
Tissue culturing can be used to grow new skin for patients who have been badly burned. Known as skin grafts. It can also be used in cancer research.
What is an organ?
An organ is a structure composed of a number of tissues that work together to carry out one or more functions
What are examples of plant organs?
Root, stem, leaf
What are examples of animal organs?
Stomach, brain, liver, kidney, heart
