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[LC Biology] > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the composition of blood?

A
  1. Plasma
  2. Red Blood Cells (corpuscles)
  3. Whistle Blood Cells
  4. Platelets
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2
Q

What is plasma?

A

The liquid part of blood- pale, golden liquid

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3
Q

What is plasma’s composition?

A

55% of the blood- 90% water, 7% proteins, 3% dissolved materials

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4
Q

What are the main plasma proteins?

A

Antibodies and clotting proteins

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5
Q

What is the role of plasma?

A

To transport dissolved materials e.g heat, minerals

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6
Q

What is serum?

A

Serum is plasma from which the clotting proteins have been removed. It’s is sometimes used in injections to give someone resistance to disease

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7
Q

Where are red blood cells produced?

A

The marrow of bones (breast bone, ribs, vertebrae and long bones of arms and legs)

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8
Q

What are red blood corpuscles?

A

When RBCs are first made and have a nucleus

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9
Q

Do RBCs have a mitochondria?

A

No

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10
Q

What shape does an RBC membrane have?

A

Bioconcave shape

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the RBCs bioconcave shape?

A

To have a larger surface area to transport oxygen

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12
Q

Can RBCs repair themselves?

A

No

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13
Q

Where are dead RBCs broken down?

A

The spleen

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14
Q

Where is the iron from RBCs stored?

A

The liver

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15
Q

What are remaining dead RBCs used for?

A

RBCs and haemoglobin converted into bile pigments (bilirubin)

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16
Q

What is the role of RBCs?

A

To transport oxygen

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17
Q

What is a disorder associated with RBCs and haemoglobin?

A

Anaemia

18
Q

Where are WBCs made?

A

Bone marrow

19
Q

Are WBCs or RBCs larger?

A

WBCs

20
Q

What is the role of WBCs?

A

To defend the body against infection and to fight infection

21
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

When the WBC engulfs the bacteria and digests it, now called a phagocyte

22
Q

What are the two different types of WBCs?

A

Lymphocytes and monocytes

23
Q

Where can lymphocytes mature and be stored?

A

The lymphatic system, (spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils and thymus gland)

24
Q

What is the composition of a lymphocyte?

A

A large round nucleus with very little cytoplasm

25
Q

How long can a lymphocyte live?

A

3 months to 10 years

26
Q

What is the main function of lymphocytes?

A

To make antibodies that resist infection

27
Q

What are monocytes?

A

Large cells that scavenge throughout the body, also digest bacteria (act as phagocytes)

28
Q

What can monocytes also be called?

A

Macrophages

29
Q

How long do monocytes survive?

A

6-9 days

30
Q

What is the shape of the monocytes nucleus?

A

Kidney-shaped nuclei

31
Q

What is leukaemia?

A

A form of cancer where WBCs are produced to rapidly and immaturely. They crowd other cells, cause anaemia, increase risk of infection and reduce ability to clot blood

32
Q

Where are platelets made?

A

In bone marrow

33
Q

What are platelets made of?

A

Broken down megacytes

34
Q

What is the role of platelets?

A

To clot the blood, preventing loss of blood and entry of micro-organisms

35
Q

What are haemophiliacs?

A

They are unable to produce clotting chemicals, they cannot form blood clots

36
Q

What is thrombosis?

A

A blood clot in a blood vessel e.g strokes and heart attacks

37
Q

What are the two functions of blood?

A
  1. Transport- food, waste, hormones, heat and oxygen
  2. Defence against disease- phagocytes, lymphocytes and platelets
38
Q

What are the four different blood groups?

A

A, B, AB, O

39
Q

What is the universal donor?

A

Group O, as it’s blood can be given safety to all other groups

40
Q

What is the Rhesus factor?

A

A chemical in blood, you can be rhesus positive (Rh+) or rhesus negative (Rh-)

41
Q

Can rhesus negative blood be given to rhesus positive people?

A

Yes

[LC Biology] (10 decks)

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