Enzymes

Question 1

What is metabolism?

Answer 1

Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions that take place within an organism.

Question 2

What is the primary source for life on Earth?

Answer 2

The sun

Question 3

What is cellular energy?

Answer 3

Cellular energy is the energy stored in the bonds of biomolecules such as carbohydrates or lipids

Question 4

What are enzymes?

Answer 4

• Enzymes are (organic) catalysts made of protein.

Question 5

What is a catalyst?

Answer 5

A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a reaction, without itself being used up in the
reaction.

Question 6

Are all proteins enzymes?

Answer 6

All enzymes are proteins, not all proteins are enzymes

Question 7

What are enzymes made up of?

Answer 7

Enzymes are made of chains of amino acids which are folded into a three-dimensional
shape.

Question 8

Are enzymes reversible?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

What is the substrate?

Answer 9

The substrate is the substance with which an enzyme reacts.

Question 10

What is the product?

Answer 10

The product is the substance the enzyme forms.

Question 11

What is the active site?

Answer 11

The part of an enzyme that combines with the substrate

Question 12

What is a enzyme substrate complex?

Answer 12

Enzyme + substrate together

Question 13

What is enzyme specificity?

Answer 13

Enzymes only act on one substrate

Question 14

What does temperature do to an enzyme?

Answer 14

• low temp= low enzyme activity (not denatured)
• warm temp= High enzyme activity
• too hot temp= enzyme denatured

Question 15

What does denatured mean?

Answer 15

An enzyme that has lost its shape and can no longer carry out its function

Question 16

How does pH effect enzymes?

Answer 16

• Enzymes have a very specific pH range
• Anything outside it’s range will reduce enzyme activity
• Optimum activity for most enzymes is pH 7

Question 17

What is optimum activity?

Answer 17

This is the most ideal conditions for an enzyme with its rate of activity at a maximum

Question 18

What do catabolic enzymes form?

Answer 18

Breaks down larger compounds

Question 19

Are enzymes used in respiration anabolic or catabolic?

Answer 19

Catabolic

Question 20

What do anabolic enzymes do?

Answer 20

Form more complex compounds

Question 21

What are immobilised enzymes?

Answer 21

Immobilised enzymes are enzymes that are attached or fixed, to each other, or to an inert material.

Question 22

What is bio processing?

Answer 22

Bioprocessing is the use of enzyme controlled reactions to produce a product.

Question 23

What is a bio reactor?

Answer 23

A bioreactor is a vessel or container in which living cells or their products are used to make a product.

Question 24

What are physical methods of immobilising enzymes?

Answer 24

Adsorption
Enclosed by a membrane
Trapped by a gel (sodium alginate)

Question 25

What are chemical methods of immobilising enzymes?

Answer 25

Bonded to a support
Bonded to each other

Question 26

What are advantages of immobilising enzymes?

Answer 26

Reusable
Remain in the reaction vessel
Increases the stability of the enzyme
Cheaper

Question 27

What are the enzyme experiments?

Answer 27

1. Effect of pH on enzyme activity
2. Effect of temperature in the rate of enzyme activity
3. To prepare an enzyme immobilisation and examine its application

Question 28

What are everyday examples of immobilised enzymes?

Answer 28

1. Antibiotics
2. Drugs
3. Vaccines
4. Food colourings and flavour
5. Vitamins
6. Amino acids
7. Sugar Syrups
8. Perfumes

Question 29

What is the induced fit model?

Answer 29

Every enzyme has a matching substrate. Active site is induced to form enzyme substrate complex. Product is formed. Enzyme returns to original shape.

Question 30

Are enzymes still specific after changing shape?

Answer 30

Yes