Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

What is metabolism?

A

Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions that take place within an organism.

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2
Q

What is the primary source for life on Earth?

A

The sun

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3
Q

What is cellular energy?

A

Cellular energy is the energy stored in the bonds of biomolecules such as carbohydrates or lipids

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4
Q

What are enzymes?

A

• Enzymes are (organic) catalysts made of protein.

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5
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a reaction, without itself being used up in the
reaction.

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6
Q

Are all proteins enzymes?

A

All enzymes are proteins, not all proteins are enzymes

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7
Q

What are enzymes made up of?

A

Enzymes are made of chains of amino acids which are folded into a three-dimensional
shape.

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8
Q

Are enzymes reversible?

A

Yes

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9
Q

What is the substrate?

A

The substrate is the substance with which an enzyme reacts.

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10
Q

What is the product?

A

The product is the substance the enzyme forms.

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11
Q

What is the active site?

A

The part of an enzyme that combines with the substrate

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12
Q

What is a enzyme substrate complex?

A

Enzyme + substrate together

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13
Q

What is enzyme specificity?

A

Enzymes only act on one substrate

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14
Q

What does temperature do to an enzyme?

A
  • low temp= low enzyme activity (not denatured)
  • warm temp= High enzyme activity
  • too hot temp= enzyme denatured
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15
Q

What does denatured mean?

A

An enzyme that has lost its shape and can no longer carry out its function

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16
Q

How does pH effect enzymes?

A
  • Enzymes have a very specific pH range
  • Anything outside it’s range will reduce enzyme activity
  • Optimum activity for most enzymes is pH 7
17
Q

What is optimum activity?

A

This is the most ideal conditions for an enzyme with its rate of activity at a maximum

18
Q

What do catabolic enzymes form?

A

Breaks down larger compounds

19
Q

Are enzymes used in respiration anabolic or catabolic?

20
Q

What do anabolic enzymes do?

A

Form more complex compounds

21
Q

What are immobilised enzymes?

A

Immobilised enzymes are enzymes that are attached or fixed, to each other, or to an inert material.

22
Q

What is bio processing?

A

Bioprocessing is the use of enzyme controlled reactions to produce a product.

23
Q

What is a bio reactor?

A

A bioreactor is a vessel or container in which living cells or their products are used to make a product.

24
Q

What are physical methods of immobilising enzymes?

A

Adsorption
Enclosed by a membrane
Trapped by a gel (sodium alginate)

25
What are chemical methods of immobilising enzymes?
Bonded to a support Bonded to each other
26
What are advantages of immobilising enzymes?
Reusable Remain in the reaction vessel Increases the stability of the enzyme Cheaper
27
What are the enzyme experiments?
1. Effect of pH on enzyme activity 2. Effect of temperature in the rate of enzyme activity 3. To prepare an enzyme immobilisation and examine its application
28
What are everyday examples of immobilised enzymes?
1. Antibiotics 2. Drugs 3. Vaccines 4. Food colourings and flavour 5. Vitamins 6. Amino acids 7. Sugar Syrups 8. Perfumes
29
What is the induced fit model?
Every enzyme has a matching substrate. Active site is induced to form enzyme substrate complex. Product is formed. Enzyme returns to original shape.
30
Are enzymes still specific after changing shape?
Yes