Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

[LC Biology] > Food > Flashcards

Food Flashcards

1
Q

What is nutrition?

A

Nutrition is the way in which an organism obtains and uses food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are nutrients?

A

Nutrients are chemical substances, present in food, that are used by organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why are nutrients used by organisms?

A
  • As a source of energy
  • To make chemicals needed for cell or metabolic reactions
  • As raw material for the growth and repair of structures in an organism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 6 common elements found in food?

A
  • Carbon (C)
  • Hydrogen (H)
  • Oxygen (O)
  • Nitrogen (N)
  • Phosphorus (P)
  • Sulphur (S)
    (CHONPS)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What 5 elements are present as dissolve salts in food?

A
  • Sodium (Na)
  • Magnesium (Mg)
  • Chlorine (Cl)
  • Potassium (K)
  • Calcium (Ca)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What three trace elements are found in food?

A
  • Iron (Fe)
  • Copper (Cu)
  • Zinc (Zn)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are bio molecules?

A

Bio molecules are chemicals that are made inside a living thing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are bio chemicals?

A

Bio chemicals are bio molecules which contain carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 4 major bio molecules?

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids (Fats)
  • Proteins
  • Vitamins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What elements are found in carbohydrates?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the general ratio for carbohydrates ?

A

C x (H2O) y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the structural role of carbs?

A

The carbohydrate cellulose is used to form plant cell walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the metabolic role of carbs?

A

Carbs are broke down in respiration to release energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What use do carbs have?

A

To store and supply energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can we test for carbohydrates?

A

Iodine and bread
Red/Yellow to Blue/Black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A
  • Smallest unit of carbs
  • Sweet to taste
  • Soluble in water
  • Single sugar unit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is an example of a monosaccharide?

A

Glucose
- Provides energy
- Found in fruits and chocolate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a disaccharide ?

A
  • Two monosaccharides joined tighter
  • Sweet to taste
  • Soluble in water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Examples of disaccharides?

A

Sucrose
- Table sugar
- glucose + fructose

Maltose
- found in germinating seeds
- glucose+glucose

Lactose
- found in milk
- glucose+galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A
  • Many units of carbs joined together
  • Not sweet to taste
  • Insoluble or only slightly soluble in water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Examples of polysaccharides?

A

Starch
- carb stored by plants
- e.g rice, potatoes and flour

Cellulose
- difficult to break down and is used as fibre
- used in cell walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What elements are found in lipids?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the difference between fats and oils?

A

Fats are solid lipids at room temperature, oils are liquid lipids at room temperature

24
Q

What are sources of lipids?

A

Butter and oil

25
What is the structural role of lipids?
Lipids are important food stores in plants and animals. Stored lipids can have a secondary function as heat insulation and protection of organs
26
What is the metabolic role of lipids?
Lipids are broken down in respiration to release energy
27
How do we test for lipids?
Using brown paper and butter Lipids make brown paper translucent
28
What is a triglyceride?
One molecule of glycerol linked to three fatty acid molecules
29
What is the structure of a phospholipid?
Made of one glycerol linked to two fatty acid molecules and a phosphate
30
What elements are in protein?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Sometimes phosphorus and sulfur
31
What are sources of protein?
Meat, eggs and nuts
32
What is the structural role of proteins?
Keratin is found in strong skin and hair Myosin is found in muscles
33
What is the metabolic role of proteins?
Proteins are used as enzymes to control reactions and as antibodies to fight infection
34
How can we test for proteins?
Biuret reagent in egg white Colour change from blue to violet
35
What are proteins composed of?
Amino acids
36
How many different amino acids are found in proteins?
20
37
What is the bind between amino acids called?
A peptide bond
38
What is a group of more than 20 amino acids called?
A polypeptide
39
What is a long polypeptide called? (200 amino acids)?
A protein
40
What are vitamins?
Vitamins are complex carbon based substances that the body cannot make. They are only needed in small amounts
41
Is vitamin c water soluble?
Yes
42
What are sources of vitamin c?
Veg and fresh fruit
43
What is the metabolic role of vitamin c?
To help healing and immune system
44
What is a deficiency in vitamin c?
Scurvy (seen in bad teeth and gums)
45
Is vitamin d water soluble?
No, vitamin d is fat soluble
46
What is a source of vitamin d?
Made in skin through UV rays
47
What is the metabolic role of vitamin d?
To help absorb calcium for healthy bones and teeth
48
What is a deficiency in vitamin d?
Rickets in children or osteomalacia in adults (weak, deformed, brittle bones)
49
Why are minerals needed?
- To form bone and cement between cell walls (Ca) - To make muscle (N,S) - To form body fluids (tears, saliva, plasma) - To form bio molecules like haemoglobin
50
What is an example of a mineral that can be found in plants and animals, what is its source and its use?
Calcium, Found in the salts in soil and helps bind cell walls Found in milk and cheese and makes healthy teeth and bones
51
What is the most abundant chemical in living things?
Water
52
How much mass does water make up in plants and animals?
60% in humans and 90% in animals
53
What is the universal solvent?
Water
54
Why is water essential for life?
- The liquid where all metabolic reactions take place - Provides the basis for transport systems in organisms
55
What importance does water have to living things?
- Component of cytoplasm and body fluids - Good solvent - Good absorber of heat and temperature regulator
56
What are anabolic reactions?
Anabolic reactions convert smaller molecules into larger ones Anabolic reactions require enzymes and use energy E.g photosynthesis carbon dioxide and water to glucose
57
What are catabolic reactions?
In a catabolic reaction, a complex molecule is broken down into simpler ones Catabolic reactions release energy and require enzymes E.g Respiration , glucose is broken down, creating energy

[LC Biology] (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions