Plant Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is the radicle?

A

The first root that grows from a seed

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2
Q

What is the tap/ primary root?

A

Where the main root that develops from the radicle grows down into the soil. Associated with dicots e.g Carrots

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3
Q

What are lateral/ secondary roots?

A

They emerge from the primary root and have tiny root hairs

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4
Q

What are fibrous roots?

A

Where a mass of small, branched roots emerge from the stem. Associated with monocots e.g grass

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5
Q

What is an adventitious root?

A

Roots that do not develop from the radicle

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6
Q

What are the functions of the root?

A
  • anchor the plant
  • absorb water and mineral salts from the soil
  • transport absorbed materials in the stem
  • store food in some plants
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7
Q

What are the roots zones?

A

Protection, cell production, elongation and differentiation

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8
Q

What is the root zone of protection?

A

The root cap. Protects the root cells as they push through the soil

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9
Q

What is the root zone of cell production?

A

The meristem. Allows the plant to grow by process of mitosis

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10
Q

What is the root zone of elongation?

A

Plant growth regulators stimulate the cells to grow longer

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11
Q

What is the root zone of differentiation?

A

Dermal tissue, vascular tissue and ground tissue

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12
Q

What are the function of the stem?

A
  • support the aerial parts
  • carry out photosynthesis (when they are green)
  • to transport materials to and from the leaves
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13
Q

What allow for gas exchange in the stems?

A

Lenticels

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14
Q

What type of leaf venation is typically in a monocot?

A

Parallel venation

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15
Q

What type of leaf venation is typically in a dicot?

A

Reticulate/ net venation

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16
Q

What are the functions of the leaf?

A
  • make food during photosynthesis
  • store food
  • gas exchange
  • allow water loss (transpiration)
17
Q

What is dermal tissue?

A

Forms a protective covering layer for the plant, like human skin

18
Q

What is vascular tissue?

A

Xylem (water transport) and phloem (food transport)

19
Q

What is ground tissue?

A

Between other two tissues. Carries out functions like photosynthesis, food storage and plant structure

20
Q

What is xylem?

A

Xylem is a dead tissue that transports water and minerals throughout a plant

21
Q

Is xylem living or dead?

A

Dead tissue

22
Q

What are the two types of cells in xylems?

A

Vessels and tracheids

23
Q

What gives xylem strength?

24
Q

How does water enter and exit xylem vessels?

A

Through pits

25
What makes tracheids different from vessels?
Tracheids are tapered at one end
26
Where are tracheids found?
Coniferous trees, e.g pines
27
What is phloem?
A living tissue that transports food (glucose)
28
Is phloem living or dead tissue?
Living
29
What is phloem composed of?
Sieve tubes and companion cells
30
What joins to make sieve tubes?
Sieve tube elements?
31
What are sieve plates?
Pores that enable materials to pass through sieve tube elements
32
What are the walls of phloem made of?
Cellulose
33
Is phloem or xylem stronger?
Xylem is stronger than phloem
34
What is an example of monocotyledons?
Daffodils
35
What are features of monocots?
- one seed leaf (cotyledon) - long, narrow leaves with parallel veins - scattered vascular bundles in the stem - flowering parts arranged in multiples of three
36
What is an example of a dicotyledon?
Rose
37
What are features of a dicot?
- two seed leaves (cotyledons) - broad leaves with a network of veins - vascular bundles arranged in a ring in the stem - flowering parts arranged in multiples of four or five
38
If you are reading this…
Go look at plant structure diagrams!