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Human Biology 116 > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

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1
Q

True or False? The heart has 5 chambers

A

False, it has 4

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2
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

A

The right atrium, the left atrium, the right ventricle and the left ventricle

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3
Q

Where does the blood that enters the left atrium come from?

A

The lungs

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4
Q

Does blood enter the atrium or the ventricle?

A

The atrium

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5
Q

Does blood leave the atrium or the ventricle?

A

The ventricle

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6
Q

What is the septum in the heart?

A

Your heart has two sides, separated by an inner wall called the septum. The septum prevents mixing of blood between the two sides of the heart.

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7
Q

What are the 6 main arteries and veins in the heart?

A

The superior vena cava, right pulmonary veins, inferior vena cava, aorta, trunk of pulmonary arteries, and the left pulmonary veins.

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8
Q

What is the function of the superior vena cava?

A

To return deoxygenated blood from the body. Specifically from the head and arms.

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9
Q

What is the function of the inferior vena cava?

A

To return deoxygenated blood from the body. Specifically from the trunk and legs.

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10
Q

What is the function of the right pulmonary veins?

A

The lung veins sometimes referred to the pulmonary veins, are blood vessels that transfer freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atria of the heart.

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11
Q

What is the function of the left pulmonary veins?

A

The lung veins sometimes referred to the pulmonary veins, are blood vessels that transfer freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atria of the heart.

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12
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary trunk?

A

The pulmonary trunk is a short artery transporting deoxygenated blood from the heart towards the lungs.can be referred to as the main pulmonary artery

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13
Q

What is the function of the aorta?

A

The aorta is the main artery that carries blood away from your heart to the rest of your body.

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14
Q

What are the 4 main valves of the heart?

A

The pulmonary valve, the right AV valve, the aortic valve, and the left AV valve.

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15
Q

What does AV mean?

A

Atrioventricular

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16
Q

Label this diagram

A

Left to Right.

Right AV Valve (Tri Valve), Left AV Valve (mitral valve), Aortic and pulmonary valve.

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17
Q

What is the function of the right AV valve?

A

The function of the valve is to prevent back flow (regurgitation) of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium

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18
Q

What is the function of the left AV valve?

A

left atrioventricular valve (or AV valve) controls blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.

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19
Q

What is the function of the Aortic and pulmonary valve?

A

The pulmonary valve normally acts like a one-way door from your heart’s right ventricle to the lungs and the aortic valve prevents blood from moving backward into the left ventricle during blood flow to the party.

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20
Q

What is a common issue with valves and why?

A

Regurgitation. valve regurgitation places an extra strain on the heart because, with blood pumping backward, there is less blood going forward with each beat. The left ventricle gets bigger and, if untreated, weakens. This can cause heart failure

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21
Q

Label this diagram.

A

1 - None

2 - A couple

3- Half

4- Close

5- All

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22
Q

What are the two phases of the cardiac cycle?

A

The diastole phase and the systole phase

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23
Q

What is the distole phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

When the myocardium is relaxed and the heart fills with blood.

24
Q

What is the myocardium?

A

The muscles of the heart. M for muscles.

25
Q

What is the systole phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

Where the atriums then ventricles contract and pump blood to the arteries.

26
Q

What is the ventricular distole period?

A

The period in which the ventricles are filling and relaxing

27
Q

Define the atrial diastole period.

A

The period in which the atria is relaxing and filling

28
Q

What is the first step of the cardiac cycle?

A

The atria contract and fluid pressure in the ventricles rises sharply.

29
Q

What is the second step of the cardiac cycle?

A

The ventricles contract causing the AV valves to snap shut and the pulmonary and aortic valves to open as blood is forced into the pulmonay artery and the aorta.

30
Q

What is the 3rd step of the cardiac cycle?

A

The aortic and pulmonary artery recoil snaps the respective valves shut as the ventricles relax as the atria begin to fill and start another cycle.

31
Q

What is the 4th step of the cardiac cycle?

A

Fluid pressure in filling the atria opens AV valves so blood can flow into ventricles

32
Q

Label this diagram.

A

R1 - Sinoatrial SA node

R2 - right atrium

R3 - Bundle of conducting muscle fibres

R4 - Right ventricle

L1 - Left atrium

L2 - Atrioventricular AV node

L3 - Left ventricle

L4 - Purkin fibres

33
Q

What does the SA node do in the heart?

A

Releases electrical impulses setting the pace of the heart rhythm. This node causes impulses to travel throughout the atria leading to contraction. A for atria.

34
Q

What does the AV node do in the heart?

A

The AV node acts as a circuit breaker as it slows or blocks impulses that are too closely spaced giving blood enough time to enter the ventricles. This node funnels impulses within the ventricles. V for ventricle

35
Q

True or False? During a blood pressure test your blood flow will temporarily stop.

A

True

36
Q

What is the difference between systolic and diastolic?

A

Blood pressure readings are given in two numbers. The top number is the maximum pressure your heart exerts while beating (systolic pressure). The bottom number is the amount of pressure in your arteries between beats (diastolic pressure).

37
Q

What is the normal range for systolic pressure in the heart?

A

100-119

38
Q

What is the normal range for diastolic pressure in the heart?

A

60-79

39
Q

What is hypotension in the heart?

A

Hypotension is the medical term for low blood pressure. Low blood pressure in terms of systolic pressure is lower than 100 and for diastolic it is less than 60.

40
Q

What is prehypertension in the heart?

A

Prehypertension is a warning sign. It means that you’re at a greater risk of high blood pressure.

Systolic pressure: 120-139

Diastolic pressure: 80-139

41
Q

What is hypertension in the heart?

A

High blood pressure. Systolic: 140 and above. Diastolic: 90 and above.

42
Q

True or False? The heart is the only organ in the body that doesnt require blood supply as its constanly connected to blood anyway.

A

False, the heart has its own blood supply via coronary arteries which wrap around the heart.

43
Q

Define a heart attack.

A

A coronary occlusion aka the partial or complete obstruction of blood flow in a coronary artery. The lack of blood supply to the heart will cause the death of the heart muscle termed a myocardial infraction.

44
Q

What is a myocardial infraction?

A

The death of a muscle.

45
Q

What is heart fibrillation?

A

Where the heart quivers instead of pumping due to disorganised electrical activity in the ventricles. (AV nodes)

46
Q

What are some common medications used to treat a heart attack?

A

Asprin, thrombolytic, antiplatelet agents, blood thinning medicines, pain relievers, nitroglycerin, beta blockers, and ACE inhibitors

47
Q

How is asprin used to treat a heart attack?

A

It reduced blood clotting

48
Q

How is thrombolytic used to treat a heart attack?

A

It helps to dissolve a blood clot to the heart

49
Q

How are antiplatelet agents used to treat a heart attack?

A

They help to prevent new clots and prevent existing clots from getting larger

50
Q

How do other blood thinning medicines help treat a heart attack?

A

By further inhibiting blood clotting.

51
Q

How are pain relievers used to treat a heart attack?

A

to reduce pain and discomfort

52
Q

How is nitroglycerin used to treat a heart attack?

A

It reduces blood pressure and the load on the heart and can help improve blood floe to the heart by widening the blood vessels

53
Q

How are beta blockers used to treat a heart attack?

A

They slow the heart rate and decrease blood pressure reducing damage of the heart muscle and prevent further attacks.

54
Q

How are ACE inhibitors used to treat a heart attack?

A

This drug lowers blood pressure and reduces the stress on the heart.

55
Q

What does senting do?

A

It is a wire mesh which widens blocked arterys by expanding against plaque build up.

56
Q

Why are coronary artery bypass grafts done? CABG

A

They are done to bypass blockages in the heart via using veins from other places in the body most commonly the leg.

57
Q
A

Human Biology 116 (18 decks)

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