Cardiovascular disease

Question 1

What is cardiovascular disease?

Answer 1

Heart conditions which cause or influence the chances of heart attacks and strokes.

Question 2

Define Atherosclerosis.

Answer 2

Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque builds up inside your arteries.

Question 3

Define vascular disease.

Answer 3

Vascular Disease includes any condition that affects your circulatory system

Question 4

What is peripheral vascular disease?

Answer 4

A circulatory condition in which narrowed blood vessels reduce blood flow to the limbs which can result in the lose of the legs.

Question 5

What causes cardiovascular disease?

Answer 5

Atherosclerotic plaque (buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on your artery walls) or an atheroma which in time leads to atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). Leading to heart attack and stroke.

Question 6

What are some plaque formation causes?

Answer 6

Decreased heart function aka low energy and fitness, increased blood pressure, and general consumption of nutrients over time.

Question 7

What is bad about plaque rupturing?

Answer 7

The exposed content can cause a clot formation blocking the arterys or can cause obstructions.

Question 8

True or False? Vascular disease is caused by high dietary or plasma calcium levels.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

True or False? Vascular disease is not caused by high plasma cholesterol levels.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

True or False? Vascular disease is caused by dietary cholesterol alone

Answer 10

False

Question 11

True or False? Vascular disease is visible on CT, MRI, or ultra sound unless calcified.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

Which determinant is more of an issue of heart disease: Diet or Genetics?

Answer 12

Your genetics.

Question 13

True or False? You can repair aka clean your arterys.

Answer 13

False.

Question 14

True or False? Xrays cant see the build up of plaque ect in your arteries.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Do healthy people get CD?

Answer 15

Yes!

Question 16

What stage of plaque should us students be at?

Answer 16

A normal or early stage of plaque build up, usually with fatty streaks.

Question 17

What drives plaque formation?

Answer 17

Your liver! Your liver produces LDL which transports your cholesterol in the blood. Macrophages are attracted to this LDL in the blood and ingest it causing the macrophages to become foam cells which promote inflamation and plaque build up and hardening in the artery. This will only occur if the uptake of oxLDL exceeds the macrophages ability to offload the cholesterol onto HDL (good cholesterol).

Question 18

What is the most dangerous thing about cardiovascular disease?

Answer 18

It is usually asymptomatic until there is an event such as a heart attack or stroke in which chances of survival can be low.

Question 19

What are some risk factors of cardiovasular disease?

Answer 19

Age, family history, blood cholesterol/lipids, blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, and weight.

Question 20

What is cardiovascular disease treatment usually based off?

Answer 20

Lipid lowering and reduction of symptoms rather than reduction of plaque size.

Question 21

What are the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

Answer 21

Smoking, age, and family history.

Question 22

True or False? Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in New Zealand.

Answer 22

True, it accounts for around 40% of deaths annualy.

Question 23

What can you do in terms of CD?

Answer 23

Improve diet (helps for only 20% of cholesterol synthesis), exercise, use cholesterol absorption blockers, medications, and surgery.

Question 24

Can you die from type 2 diabetes?

Answer 24

No but you can die from heart disease caused by type 2 diabetes.

Question 25

Why are treatments for CD based on lipid lowering an reduction of symptoms rather than plaque size ect?

Answer 25

Because we cant see plaque build up.