Allergys

Question 1

How common are allergies?

Answer 1

Very common, about 1 in 3 people suffer from allergies in NZ

Question 2

True or False, over 60% of people diagnosed with allergies develop asthma iswell.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is hypersensitive immune response?

Answer 3

Hypersensitivity reactions are an overreaction of the immune system to an antigen which would not normally trigger an immune response

Question 4

What is hayfever?

Answer 4

An allergic response causing itchy, watery eyes, sneezing and other similar symptoms.

Question 5

What are allergens?

Answer 5

Things which cause abnormal immune responses

Question 6

What is a dentritic cell?

Answer 6

Dendritic cells (DCs), are responsible for the initiation of adaptive immune responses.

Question 7

True or False? A B cell can bind to an antigen in its natural state

Answer 7

True

Question 8

antibodies humoral response?

Answer 8

The humoral immune response is mediated by antibody molecules that are secreted by plasma cells. This is the immune response involving the transformation of B cells into plasma cells that produce and secrete antibodies to a specific antigen.

Question 9

Plasma cells produce how many classes of antibodies?

Answer 9

5

Question 10

Define antibodies?

Answer 10

a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen.

Question 11

What are plasma cells?

Answer 11

Plasma cells, also called plasma B cells, are white blood cells that originate in the bone marrow and secrete large quantities of proteins called antibodies in response to being presented specific substances called antigens.

Question 12

What are immunoglobulins?

Answer 12

Known as an antibody, it is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens

Question 13

What is IgG?

Answer 13

The main antibody in blood

Question 14

What is IgA?

Answer 14

Antibody in tears, saliva, milk, mucus, aka secretions.

Question 15

What is IgE?

Answer 15

Antibody involved in allergic reactions.

Question 16

What does histamine cause?

Answer 16

Inflammation

Question 17

Why is histamine released?

Answer 17

Pollen mainly

Question 18

IgE production by B cells during the late phase of allergic reactions causes a what?

Answer 18

Secondary immune response, eg: releases histamine

Question 19

Symptoms of histamine in the body?

Answer 19

Itchiness, increased mucus secretions, dilations of capillaries, contraction of airways.

Question 20

What is a mast cell?

Answer 20

Although best known for their role in allergy and anaphylaxis, mast cells play an important protective role as well, being intimately involved in wound healing, angiogenesis, immune tolerance, defence against pathogens, and vascular permeability in brain tumours.

Question 21

How do antibodies interact with mast cells?

Answer 21

Antibodies from the primary response get stuck on the surface of mast cells in connective tissues.

Question 22

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 22

A chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin. It is a type of immune response disorder

Question 23

What is allergic contact dermatitis?

Answer 23

A skin rash caused by contact with a certain substance. It is a type of immune response disorder

Question 24

Why is insulin important?

Answer 24

Insulin helps control blood glucose levels by signaling the liver and muscle and fat cells to take in glucose from the blood. Insulin therefore helps cells to take in glucose to be used for energy. If the body has sufficient energy, insulin signals the liver to take up glucose and store it as glycogen. Aka insulin is an important regulator.

Question 25

What is Humulin?

Answer 25

HUMULIN is used to reduce high blood sugar (glucose) levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. Aka Type 1