Human Digestion

Question 1

What are the walls of the small intestine lined with?

Answer 1

Millions of microvilli, meaning this is the site of nutrient absorption

Question 2

What is the site of nutrient absorption?

Answer 2

The walls of the small intestine

Question 3

What are microvilli?

Answer 3

Microvilli are nonmotile finger-like protrusions from the apical surface of epithelial cells that function to increase the cell surface area and the efficiency of absorption

Question 4

What does the small intestine produce?

Answer 4

Many digestive enzymes that completely break down large food polymers into monomers

Question 5

Where is the water from digestive food absorbed in?

Answer 5

The large intestine

Question 6

What does the bacteria in the large intestine feed on?

Answer 6

Unabsorbed nutrients

Question 7

True or False? The large intestine cannot produce anything

Answer 7

False It can produce several vitamins

Question 8

What is fecal material formed from?

Answer 8

Fiber an other undigestive material

Question 9

The digestion of starches begins in the what?

Answer 9

mouth

Question 10

Most digestion occurs in the what?

Answer 10

Small intestine

Question 11

What part of the digestive system has high absorption rates of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids?

Answer 11

The duodenum (Start of small intestine)

Question 12

What part of the digestive system has high absorption rates of calcium, iron, and folate?

Answer 12

The duodenum (Start of small intestine)

Question 13

What part of the digestive system has high absorption rates of bile acids?

Answer 13

The ileum (last part of small intestine)

Question 14

What part of the digestive system has high absorption rates of cobalamin?

Answer 14

The ileum (Last part of small intestine)

Question 15

Acid digestion occurs where?

Answer 15

In the stomach

Question 16

What does the pepsin enzyme do?

Answer 16

Breaks up proteins and requires an acidic environment to be active.

Question 17

What are epithelium cells?

Answer 17

Epithelial cells are a type of cell that lines the surfaces of your body. They are found on your skin, blood vessels, urinary tract, and organs. They perform a variety of functions that include protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion, and sensory reception.

Question 18

What are mucous cells?

Answer 18

Epithelial cells which are specialized to secrete mucus are called mucous cells

Question 19

What are chief cells?

Answer 19

The gastric chief cell (also known as a zymogenic cell or peptic cell) is a cell in the stomach that releases pepsinogen and chymosin.

Question 20

What are parietal cells?

Answer 20

one of the cells that are the source of the hydrochloric acid and most of the water in the stomach juices.

Question 21

Where is the site of nutrient absorption in the human body?

Answer 21

The microvilli of the small intestine

Question 22

What does the small intestine produce?

Answer 22

Digestive enzymes which can completely bread down food polymers into monomers

Question 23

What is the intestinal epithelium?

Answer 23

The intestinal epithelium is the single cell layer that form the lining)of both the small and large intestine. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) provide a physical and biochemical barrier that segregates host tissue and commensal bacteria to maintain intestinal homeostasis.

Question 24

What is active co transport?

Answer 24

the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. Aka Less to more

Question 25

What is osmosis?

Answer 25

a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one. Aka Less to more in solution through semipermable membrane.

Question 26

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 26

Facilitated diffusion is the process of spontaneous passive transport of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins

Question 27

What is simple diffusion?

Answer 27

Simple diffusion is the process by which solutes are moved along a concentration gradient in a solution or across a semipermeable membrane.