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Human Biology 116 > Large intestine > Flashcards

Large intestine Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main functions of the large intestine?

A

Forming feces, absorbing essential vitamins produced by gut bacteria and reclaiming water.

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2
Q

What is a chyme?

A

A slurry of digested food

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3
Q

What are the benefits of the large intestine absorbing water?

A

Helps to condense and solidify feces but also allows the body to retain water that can be used in other metabolic proccesses.

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4
Q

Where is dried condensed fecal matter stored?

A

In the rectum and sigmoid colon

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5
Q

What is a microbiome?

A

Community of microorganisms. Our gut, mouth and skin each host their own unique microbiome community vital for maintaining a robust immune system, a healthy gut, a resilient skin barrier and overall good health.

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6
Q

Bacteria fermentation turns what into what?

A

Chyme into feces releasing vitamins K, B1, B2, B6, ans B12, and biotin.

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7
Q

What is an essential function of vitamin K

A

Essential in the proper clotting of blood

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8
Q

Why do we fart?

A

During bacterial fermentation to release vitamins from feces, gases such as carbon dioxide and methane are produced as a byproduct leading to farts.

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9
Q

The gut is the main location of what?

A

Human microbiotia

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10
Q

What is gut flora and/or gut microbiota?

A

The microorganisms including bacteria, archea, and fungai that live in the digestive tract of humans and other animals.

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11
Q

What type of relationship do humans have with their gut flora?

A

A mutualistic symbolic relationship

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12
Q

Extensive modification and imbalances of the gut microbiota and its microbiome or gene collection are associated with what?

A

Obesity

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13
Q

True or False? Due to this high acidity of the stomach most microorganisms can survive in the stomach

A

False, most cannot survive

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14
Q

What are the most predominant microorganisms found in the small intestine?

A

Gram-positive cocci and rod shaped bacteria

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15
Q

Overgrowth of bacteria in the small intestine can lead to what?

A

Intestinal faliure

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16
Q

What are some factors that disrupt the microorganism population of the large intestine?

A

Stress, antibiotics, and parasites.

17
Q

Which part of the body contains the largest bacterial ecosystem and general microbiome in the human body?

A

The large intestine

18
Q

True or False? Diet alters microbiota associated with intestinal inflamation

A

True

19
Q

A western diet (High Fat, Low fibre) results in what?

A

A decrease of bacteria SCFAs (Short chain Fatty acids), host AMPs, mucus production, and leads to tight junction protein expression. This leads to intestinal inflammation

20
Q

A prebiotic and probiotic diet (high fibre) results in what?

A

The production of SCFAs, AMPs, mucus, and tight junction protein expression leading to an intact intestinal barrier and prevention from intestinal inflammation

21
Q

True or False, can psychological stress lead to intestinal inflammation.

A

YES

22
Q

True or False? Can environmental stress lead to intestinal inflammination

A

TRUE

23
Q

True or False? Does a western diet lead to intestinal inflammination

A

True

24
Q

True or False? Does a prebiotic and/or probiotic diet lead to intestinal inflammination

A

False

25
Q

What are some functions of the microbiome?

A

direct the inhibition of pathogens, development of enteric protection and immune system, metabolism, gut brain axis.

26
Q

True or False, your microbiome can change dependant on your diet.

A

True

27
Q

True or False, your microbiome is not affected by age

A

False it is

28
Q

Would the fecal matter of an older person or a younger person have increased diversity?

A

older person

29
Q

The establishment of gut flora is crucial to what?

A

Health

30
Q

How does a child acquire microbiota?

A

Within one to two years of birth through parent to child transmission such as transfer of food, water, and other environmental sources.

31
Q

Is the gut flora of a baby simple or complex?

A

Simple but changes a great deal over time

Human Biology 116 (18 decks)

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