Human digestion #2 Flashcards
Name 3 different types of cellular up-take systems in the human digestive system?
Osmosis, Co transport, and Simple diffusion.
What is cholesterol?
A waxy, fat-like substance thats found in all cells of your body. Cholesterol is essential for making the cell membrane and cell structures and is vital for synthesis of hormones, vitamin D and other substances.
Which organ makes cholesterol?
The liver
What is the result of having too much cholesterol in the human body?
It raises the chances of coronary heart disease
What is LDL bad cholesterol?
LDL (low-density lipoprotein), sometimes called “bad” cholesterol, makes up most of your body’s cholesterol. High levels of LDL cholesterol raise your risk for heart disease and stroke
What is LDL and HLD?
Two types of lipoproteins which are a combination of fat (lipid) and protein.
What does LDL stand for?
Low density lipoproteins
What does HDL stand for?
High density lipoproteins
What type of lipoprotein is considered bad?
LDL
What type of lipoprotein is considered good?
HDL
Why is HDL considered good cholesterol?
Because it carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver where it is removed.
How can a high LDL level raise my risk of coronary artery disease and other diseases?
If you have too much LDL in your blood this along with other substances will start to form plaque which can build up in the arteries. A condition called atherosclerosis.
What is a atherosclerotic clot?
Atherosclerosis is a process in which blood, fats such as cholesterol and other substances build up on your artery walls.
How many deaths by coronary heart disease are caused annually by atherosclerotic clots?
370,000
How many deaths by heart attack are caused annually by atherosclerotic clots?
800,000
How many deaths by stroke are caused annually by atherosclerotic clots?
700,000
What is an optimal level of LDL?
Less than 100mg/dl
What is a very high level of LDL?
190mg/dl and above
How to prevent atherosclerosis?
Control underlying conditions, lower your cholesterol intake, excercise, eat healthy, plant based diet, quit smoking.
What is Celiac sprue?
A disease in the duodenum and jejunum (small intestine) which causes defects in fat absorption and lactose hydrolysis
What is chronic pancreatitis?
A disease in the exocrine pancreas which causes defects in fat digestion
What is the surgical resection of illem or chrons disease of the illeum?
Disease in the Ileum that impacts lactose hydrolysis
Where is water from digested food absorbed?
In the large intestine
What are the main differences between the small intestine and the large intestine?
The small intestine is involved in the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients. The large intestine is involved in the absorption of water/salt and in the production of vitamins.