The French Revolution, Napoleon, and the Congress of Vienna

Question 1

National Assembly

Answer 1

What the Third Estate declared itself, named itself the Constituent Assembly later because it was drafting a constitution

Question 2

Tennis Court Oath

Answer 2

National Assembly won’t disband until it writes a new constitution for France

Question 3

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

Answer 3

Passed by the National Assembly, freedom of speech, thought, and religion guaranteed, due process of law, no taxes without the consent of the government, the whole nation had the right to rule

Question 4

March on Versailles

Answer 4

A Paris mob, mostly of women, forced the king to relocate to Paris

Question 5

Declaration of Pillintz

Answer 5

Austria threatened to use military action to restore order to France

Question 6

Robespierre

Answer 6

leader of the Jacobins, pushed for the execution of Louis XVI, led the Committee of Public Safety which launched the Reign of Terror

Question 7

Marat

Answer 7

incited the march on Versailles

Question 8

Danton

Answer 8

an original Jacobin

Question 9

Bastille

Answer 9

a fortress that symbolized royal injustice, a Parisian mob stormed it

Question 10

Old Regime/estate system

Answer 10

feudal structure left over from the Middle Ages
First estate-clergy
Second estate-nobility
Third estate-everyone else; subjected to oppressive taxes

Question 11

Jacobins

Answer 11

radical republicans

Question 12

Girondists

Answer 12

wanted constitutional monarchy, supported by peasants in rural areas

Question 13

National Convention

Answer 13

the new assembly under the republic (the first republic was declared Sept 21, 1792)

Question 14

The Thermidorian Reaction

Answer 14

moderate bourgeoise reformers back into power

Question 15

Code Napoleon

Answer 15

1804, state-supported educational system, merit system, uniform legal system, lowered taxes on farmers, guaranteed church lands redistributed during the revolution would remain in peasant hands (==> independent peasantry)

Question 16

neopotism

Answer 16

placing relatives on thrones - Napoleon did this on the thrones of countries he conquered

Question 17

Battle of Leipzig

Answer 17

Napoleon was defeated by the combined forces of Russia, Prussia, and Austria in 1813

Question 18

Bourbons

Answer 18

restored to the throne after Napoleon abdicated and refused the Frankfurt Proposals (which would have kept him on the throne but made him withdraw from Germany), Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)

Question 19

Congress of Vienna

Answer 19

• Goal: return of balance of power.
• Austria (Metternich), England (Castelreagh), Russia (Tsar Alexander), Prussia (Prince Hardenberg)
• Prevent French expansion: surround it by strong states - Kingdom of the Netherlands (Holland + Belgium), Prussian satellite area on the Rhine, Austrian buffer states in Italy
• HRE not reestablished
• prevented general war for 100 years
• Concert of Europe: Prussia, Russia, Austria, and England maintain status quo of Treaty of Versialles

Question 20

Estates General

Answer 20

When Louis XVI tried to tax the clergy and nobility, the Parlement of Paris said he couldn’t do it without the consent of the Estates General, a representative body of the three estates

Question 21

The Great Fear

Answer 21

spread through the countryside as the third estate burned noble estates and destroyed feudal records

Question 22

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

Answer 22

made the Church under the authority of the state, alienated many

Question 23

Flight to Varennes

Answer 23

stopped, the king became a prisioner

Question 24

First Coalition

Answer 24

alliance of Austria, England, Netherlands, Prussia, and Spain to combat French

Question 25

The Directory

Answer 25

5-member executive, 1795-1799

Question 26

Women’s role in the revolution

Answer 26

March on Versailles, started to participate in political club meetings

Question 27

Concordat of 1801

Answer 27

Napoleon’s agreement with the Pope, papacy renounced claims to church property seized during the revolution

Question 28

Napoleon’s conquests

Answer 28

Italy- virtually all under his control by 1809, decided against national unity, abolished feudalism
Germany- created the Confederation of the Rhine, abolished feudalism, carried out reforms, awakened German nationalism
The Continental System- close ports to Britain
Spain- replaced Spanish king with one of his brothers, ==> guerrilla war, British aided by Duke of Wellington
Russia- failed invasion after they backed out of the Continental System, Russians used “scorched earth” tactics, ruined Napoleon’s army and image

Question 29

Hundred Days

Answer 29

Napoleon came back, but was defeated by Prussia at Waterloo, was forced back into exile