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AP Euro > Imperialism (1870-1914) > Flashcards

Imperialism (1870-1914) Flashcards

1
Q

old imperialism vs. new imperialism

A

OLD IMPERIALISM:

  • 16th-18th c
  • didn’t acquire overseas territories except in Americas, established colonies and trading stations
  • largely respected and frequently cooperates with local rulers in India, China, Japan, and the Spice Islands (Indonesia)
  • trade between locals and costal trading centers

NEW IMPERIALISM:

  • colonized Africa and Asia
  • used military force to take control of local governments
  • exploited local economies
  • imposed Western values on “backward” colonies
  • spheres of influence (special commercial and legal priveleges without direct political involvement) or colonized outright
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2
Q

surplus capital

A

income level rises ==> invest surplus capital into domestic ventures

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3
Q

balance of power

A

nations used imperialism to maintain the European balance of power

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4
Q

white man’s burden

A

Rudyard Kipling, Western cultures have the duty to civilize backwards nations

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5
Q

Social Darwinism

A

some people/races are better fit for survival therefore they are better fit for ruling

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6
Q

Sepoy Mutiny

A
  • 1857, mutiny of native troops against British East India Company, resulted in the transfer of power from the British East India Company to the British crown
  • led by Hindu and Muslims who soldiers who believed their ammunition was forcing them to eat pig and cow fat
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7
Q

Cecil Rhodes

A

a wealthy industrialist who planned to build a railroad that crossed Africa (but didn’t), took natural resources from the continent without helping the locals/developing sustainable industry

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8
Q

Open Door Policy

A
  • sponsored by the US in 1899
  • urged Europeans to allow free trade with China
  • wanted to open commerce to itself
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9
Q

Suez Canal

A

a vital link to Asia and India, the British established a protectorate in Egypt to have control over it.

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10
Q

The Boxer Rebellion

A

-uprising of Chinese nationalists against Western imperial powers, was put down

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11
Q

Opium Wars

A
  • 1839-1842, 1856-1860
  • British gained rights of extraterritoriality- to sell opium, to stay in China all year, and to trade without the co-Hong
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12
Q

Russo-Japanese War

A
  • Japanese defeated the Russians in 1905 to win Korea

- this shocked the West

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13
Q

Colonialism

A

-the control of overseas colonies by imperialist powers
ITS END:
-westernized educational systems preached democracy ==> awakened nationalism
-self-determination espoused by allies after WWI

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14
Q

Berlin Conference

A
  • 1885
  • set up by Bismarck
  • established rules to prevent disputes among the imperialists and encouraged the partition of Africa among European powers
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15
Q

Mahatma Ghandi

A

-led India in nonviolent resistance to achieve independence in 1948

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16
Q

Ho Chi Minh

A
  • led nationalists in French Indochina
  • communist
  • independence of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia
  • Vietnam divided: communist north and pro-western south ==> civil war
17
Q

French-Algerian War

A
  • 1962
  • French had given up in Morocco and Tunisia but not Algeria because it was an integral part of the empire
  • independence and mass exodus of French settlers in Algeria
  • drained French resources
18
Q

British East India Company

A

conducted trade with India starting in 1600

19
Q

Dutch East India Company

A

conducted trade with the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)

20
Q

Causes of New Imperialism

A
  1. new markets (the undeveloped countries didn’t end up having the purchasing power to buy manufactured goods though) and the need for raw materials
  2. missionaries- burst of religious revivalism during this time, missions to convert people to Christianity
  3. military and naval bases- established to protect overseas interests, to maintain balance of power and prestige
  4. ideology- white man’s burden; superior Westerners had the obligation to culture uncivilized people, Social Darwinism; some peoples are better and therefore are more fit for ruling others
21
Q

British imperialism

A
  • see Suez Canal
  • helped Egypt take control of the Sudan ==> set up an Anglo-Egyptian Administration
  • India (“most enlightened” because provided sustainable industry, education, and technological advances there and didn’t interfere with basic social structure)
22
Q

French imperialism

A
  • Algeria
  • Tunisia
  • Morocco
  • Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos)
23
Q

German imperialism

A

-Berlin Conference of 1885

24
Q

Italian imperialism

25
Q

Belgian imperialism

A
  • the Congo
  • brutal and exploitive
  • King Leopold
26
Q

Russian Imperialism

A

-sphere of influence in Iran

AP Euro (15 decks)

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