Postwar Europe: Recovery, Communism, and Cold War (1945-1970)

Question 1

Morgenthau Plan

Answer 1

• in order for Western Europe to recover, Germany would have to be rebuilt
• this plan would transform Germany back to an agricultural society

Question 2

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Answer 2

Formed by the US and 11 other nations to rearm non-communist Europe and safeguard it against invasion

Question 3

Schuman and Monnet Plan

Answer 3

Belgium, France, Holland, Italy, Luxembourg, and West Germany formed the European Coal and Steel Community to pool their resources (1952)

Question 4

Warsaw Pact

Answer 4

an alliance between the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellite nations, a response to NATO

Question 5

European Economic Community

Answer 5

• The Common Market
• aimed to end internal tariffs and the free exchange of money and workers between members
• by 1968, plan in full effect

Question 6

Sputnik

Answer 6

the first artificial earth satellite, launched by the Soviets in 1957

Question 7

Brezhnev Doctrine

Answer 7

the USSR had the right to intervene in the internal affairs of any satellite nation if Communism was threatened

Question 8

Truman Doctrine

Answer 8

military aid to any nation threatened with Communist aggression and expansion

Question 9

blockade of Berlin

Answer 9

Soviets blockaded this former capital city

Question 10

Berlin Airlift

Answer 10

western allies carried supplies to the people in West Berlin

Question 11

The Geneva Summit

Answer 11

1955, Britain, France, USSR, and US met to discuss peace

Question 12

Fidel Castro

Answer 12

Marxist dictator who was aided by Soviet and Chinese Communists to overthrow the Cuban dictator

Question 13

Paris Summit

Answer 13

1957, first NATO summit

Question 14

Bay of Pigs

Answer 14

this invasion of Cuba by anti-Castro refugees was a disaster, humiliating for JFK

Question 15

Berlin Wall

Answer 15

erected in 1961 to keep East Berliners from fleeing West

Question 16

Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 16

JFK demanded that Krushchev remove nuclear missiles in Cuba

Question 17

brain drain

Answer 17

many of the best scientists and engineers left Europe for the US for higher salaries

Question 18

The Era of Khrushchev

Answer 18

• 1956-1964
• made a speech about the crimes of Stalin, said he built a cult of personality, created terror
• de-Stalinization ==> this encouraged resistance in satellites (Poland- Gomulka liberalized the government, Soviets crushed resistance in Hungary)