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ANATOMY > The External Pharynx and Larynx > Flashcards

The External Pharynx and Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

The pharynx is one continuous passageway composed of three parts

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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2
Q

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

These are all part of what

A

pharynx

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3
Q

The nasopharynx is posterior to the
A) nasal cavity
B) oral cavity
C) larynx

A

A

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4
Q

The oropharynx is posterior to the
A) nasal cavity
B) oral cavity
C) larynx

A

B

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5
Q

The laryngopharynx is posterior to the
A) nasal cavity
B) oral cavity
C) larynx

A

C

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6
Q

where can longitudinal muscle be found in the wall of pharynx
A) outer layer
b) inner layer

A

b

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7
Q

where can circular muscle be found in the wall of pharnx
A) outer layer
b)inner layer

A

A

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8
Q

external circular muscle layer is composed of three constrictor muscles. Find the correct 3
superior
posterior
middle
lateral
midclavicular
inferior

A

superior, middle, inferior

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9
Q

in externalcircular muscle of pharynx, which direction do the constrictor muscle constraint
A) Superior to middle to inferior
B) middle to superior to inferior
C) inferior to superior to middle
d) inferior to middle to superior
E) middle to inferior to superior
F) Superior to inferior to middle

A

A

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10
Q

Why do the constrictor muscle of the external circular muscle of the pharynx contact the superior to inferior

A

so that swallowed food moves down the pharynx towards the
oesophagus

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11
Q

During swallowing, food in the oral cavity is pushed into the ______ by the tongue

A

oropharynx

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12
Q

The soft palate rises and closes off the ______ from the oropharynx

A

nasopharynx

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13
Q

discuss epiglottis function

A

-closes off the laryngeal inlet
-prevents food or liquids from entering the larynx

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14
Q

The pharynx is innervated by sensory fibres from the ______ nerve

A

glossopharyngeal

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14
Q

what nerves is the pharynx innervated by
A) Acessory
B) hypoglossal
C) Glossopharyngeal
D)facial
E)Vagus
F) Vestibulocochlear

A

Vagus + glossopharyngeal

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15
Q

The pharynx is innervated by motor fibres from the _____- nerve

A

vagus

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16
Q

how many cartilages is the larynx made up of

A

9

17
Q

Of the larynx cartilages. ___are unpaired, and ___are paired.

A

3
3

18
Q

what joins the cartilages together in the larynx

A

Membranes and very small joints

19
Q

which cartilages of the larynx make up the epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, and the cricoid cartilage.
A) unpaired
B) paired

A

unpaired

20
Q

what are the names of the 3 paired cartilages in the larynx

A

arytenoids, the cuneiforms and the corniculate cartilages

21
Q

The unpaired cartliagesin pharynx are bigger then the paired
T/F

A

T

22
Q

laryngeal prominence is AKA

A

Adams apple

23
Q

laryngeal prominence is formed from where and what

A

It marks the anterior midline of 2 cartilaginous thyroid laminae meeting

24
Q

what to the superior horns (posterior projection of cartilaginous thyroid lamina) attach to

A

hyoid bone

25
Q

where do the inferior horns (posterior projection of cartilaginous thyroid lamina) articulate with the

A

cricoid cartilage

26
Q

what membrane is pierced to create an emergency
airway

A

cricothyroid membrane

27
Q

epiglottis is attached to the _____ aspect of the thyroid cartilage

A) superior
B) inferior
C) posterior
D) anterior

A

superior

28
Q

Although small, the ______are vital for phonation, as the vocal cords attach to them. Movements of the ______ move the vocal cords.
A) arytenoids
B) cuneiforms
C) corniculate cartilages

A

arytenoids

29
Q

Outline the two groups of muscles act upon the larynx

A

Extrinsic
Intrinsic

30
Q

what are the extrinsic muscles of the larynx

A

suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles

31
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles of the larynx

A

Adductors
adductors
Sphincters
Tensors

32
Q

Structures in the neck that are palpable on examination are…

A

● hyoid bone
● thyroid cartilage
● cricoid cartilage
● first tracheal cartilage
● cricothyroid membrane
● lobes of the thyroid gland
● carotid pulse

33
Q

Gag reflex function

A

protect R tract

34
Q

what innervates the gag reflex

A

Vagus + glossopharyngeal

35
Q

When the back of the mouth, posterior wall of the pharynx or the tonsils are
stimulated, this sensation is carried to the ___ via the _________l nerve.

A

CNS
glossopharyngeal nerve

36
Q

during Gag reflex which muscles contract

A

muscles of the soft palate and pharynx immediately contract

37
Q

How might you assess if a patient’s glossopharyngeal nerve was functioning normally?

A

test gag reflex by brushing posterior wall of oropharynx

38
Q

Why do patients who have had a stroke need a swallowing assessment?

A

impairs the cough reflex. Patients are at risk of ‘aspiration’ – swallowed liquid or
food may pass into the lungs and cause infection.

39
Q

Which nerve supplies the pharyngeal constrictors?

A

vagus

40
Q

What structures are supplied by the superior laryngeal nerve

A

sensory innervation to the inside of the larynx as far as the vocal
cords.
* It innervates to the cricothyroid

ANATOMY (29 decks)

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