LL:3)The Anterior Leg and Dorsum of the Foot Flashcards
where does tibia attack proximally
femur
which forms part of the knee proximally
a)both
b)tibia
c)fibula
b
list the tarsal bones
talus, calcaneus (heel bone), navicular, cuboid and three cuneiforms
which tarsal bones articulates with the tibia and fibula at the ankle joint.
Talus
what is the forefoot
metatarsals and phalanges
what are Metatarsophalangeal joints (MTPJ)
lie between the metatarsals and the proximal phalanges.
what is Dorsiflexion
(extension) - at the ankle joint. Positions the foot so the toes point upwards.
what is plantar flexion
(extension) - at the ankle joint. Positions the foot so the toes point downwards .
The subtalar joint is formed by the articulation of the _____ and the _____
calcaneum and navicular
The toes move in the following ways::
● Flexion
● Extension
● Abduction (moving the toes apart)
● Adduction (bringing the toes together)
why are MTP joint in toes important
pushing the foot off the ground and forward propulsion during walking and running.
What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of leg
deep peroneal nerve.
what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg
-originate
-insert
● Tibialis anterior
-O:tibia and interosseous membrane
I: Medial cuneiform
● Extensor hallucis longus (EHL)
-O: fibula and interosseous membrane
-I: Distal phalanx of big toe
● Extensor digitorum longus (EDL)
-O: tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane.
I:Distal phalanges of 2-5
what is anterior leg muscles main function
They primarily act as dorsiflexors (extensors) of the foot at the ankle joint and extensors of the toes.
where does tibialis anterior insert
medial cuneiform
where does Extensor hallucis Longus insert
distal phalanx of the big toe
where does Extensor digitorum longus insert
distal phalanges of digits 2-5
what are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg and where do they originate and insert and invervation
Both innervated by superficial peroneal nerve
● Peroneus longus (fibularis longus)
-O: Fibula
-I: plantar surface of the medial cuneiform bone.
● Peroneus brevis (fibularis brevis)
-O: Fibula
-I:base of the 5th metatarsal.
what are the 2 main veins that drain the leg and foot
great and small saphenous vein
What do deep veins follow in the leg
the arteries
-The superficial peroneal nerve innervates the muscles of the _____ leg.
-The deep peroneal nerve innervates the muscles of the _______ leg.
lateral
anterior
where can pulses be palpated around the ankle
-posterior tibial artery is palpable posterior to the medial malleolus
-dorsalis pedis artery is usually easily palpable over the dorsum
of the foot, just lateral to the tendon of extensor hallucis longus, between the firstand second metatarsals
-The popliteal pulse is palpable in the popliteal fossa.
what is the blood supply of the anterior compartment of the leg
anterior tibial artery.
what is the blood supply of the lateral compartment of the leg
fibular/pereoneal artery
what bone infection could occur in an open fractuar of the tibia and why is this a risk due to the location of the tibia
-osteomyelitis
-litttle subcutaneous tissues tissue between the anterior surface of the tibia and skin
Fractures of the fibular neck, caused by a lateral blow to the leg can injure which nerve and why
The common peroneal nerve lies relatively superficially as it wraps around the neck of the fibula
Describe foot drop
Damage to common pereoneal nerve. The foot cannot be dorsiflexed and the toes will drag on the ground when walking.
where does the anterior tibial artery come frm
popliteal artery.
Which muscles extend the toes? Which nerves innervate them?
- Extensor hallucis longus extends the big toe.
- Extensor digitorum longus and extensor digitorum brevis extend toes 2-5.
- The deep peroneal nerve innervates them.
Which muscles extend the toes? Which nerves innervate them?
- Extensor hallucis longus extends the big toe.
- Extensor digitorum longus and extensor digitorum brevis extend toes 2-5.
- The deep peroneal nerve innervates them.
What movements take place at the ankle joint?
dorsoflexion and plantar flexion
What movements occur at the subtalar joint?
Inversion and eversion of the foot.
