Neuro 6 - vertebral column and osteology Flashcards
How many vertebral, thoracic , lumbar, sacral and coccyx
7,12,5,5,4
vertebral column transmits the body weight on to the lower limbs through the ________ joints
SACROILLIAC JOINTS
The SPINAL CORD and its coverings and the SPINAL NERVES are contained inside the _______ CANAL.
vertebral
Note difference on Cervical vertebrae on
Body
Spinous process
Vertebral foramen
Transverse process
Movement allowed
Extras
-squarish
-Bifid
-triangular
-contains transverse foramina
- flexion and extension at the joint between the atlas and the occipital bone, the atlanto-occipital joint and head turning at joint between atlas and axis
why in cervical vertebrae is spinous process is short and bifid
to allow ligamentum nuchae to run through it
Note difference on Thoracic vertebrae on
Body
Spinous process
Vertebral foramen
Transverse process
Movement allowed
- medium sized and heart shaped
-project posteriorly but mainly downward
-guitar body shaped
-costal facets (1-10 only) on transverse process
-slight gliding movement
Note difference on lumbar vertebrae on
Body
Spinous process
Vertebral foramen
Transverse process
Movement allowed
-large and kidney shaped
-short and broad
-clam shaped
-long and slender with no facets
-flexion–extension and lateral flexion
which vertebrae is the vertebra prominent
C7
At what lvl of the lumbar vertebrae are the iliac crests
L3-L4
Movements of the vertebral column are forward flexion at _____degrees , extensional _____ degrees, lateral flexion at ____ degrees and rotation at ____ degrees
40
15
30
40
Rotation is maximum at the ____ region, whereas it is very limited in the _____ spine
pick 2 from
-cervicle
-thoaracic
-lumbar
Thoracic
Lumbar
The INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS are strong ___________ structures that can withstand compression forces but are flexible enough to allow movements between the vertebrae.
fibrocartilaginous
Each INTERVERTEBRAL disc has two parts, a _______ ______surrounded by an ________ ________.
NUCLEUS PULPOSUS
ANNULUS FIBROSIS
The annulus fibrosus is made of 1) _____ concentric layers of 2) ______ whose 3)____ arrangement alters in successive layers
pick best answer for each one
1) 7-9, 8-10, 9-11, 10-12
2) endothelium, collagen, podocytes
3)parallel, oblique
10-12
collagen
obliques
nucleus pulposus is a well hydrated gel having ______, _____ and ______ cells
proteoglycan, collagen and cartilage cells
Peripherally the annulus fibrosus is attached to the ______ BODIES as well as to the __________ LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT.
vertebral
Posterior
describe the sandwich of the intervertabral down
Hyaline carriage
Annulus fibrosis
Nucleus pulposus
Anulus fibrosis
Hyaline
what is the ligament between each spinous
intraspinus ligament
what is the ligament running along tips of each spinous
supraspinous ligament
which ligament extends between lamina of adjacent vertebrae.
ligamentum flavum
which ligament runs along the full length of the anterior vertebral column
anterior longitudinal ligaments
which ligament is weaker than the anterior longitudinal ligaments and prevents hyperflexion
posterior longitudinal ligaments
which ligament is thick and prevents prevents hyperextension
a) ANTERIOR LONGITUDNAL LIGAMENT
b) POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT
ANTERIOR
Which ligamentt is thin and prevents hyeprflexion
A) anterior longitudinal ligament
B) Posterior longitudinal ligament
b
what is sciatica briefly and its symptoms
Compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve (L5). o Signs and symptoms:
▪ Pain radiating down the buttock, into the leg, down to the calf.
▪ Weakness in dorsiflexion causes foot drop.
▪ Abnormal gait.
how many pairs of spinal nerves and how may for each class of vertebrae
31
8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 1 coccygeal.
The DORSAL ROOT of the spinal nerve carries ______ fibres.
a)sensory
b)parasympathetic
c)sympathetic
b) motor
sensory
Dorsal root ganglion and has a DORSAL ROOT GANGLION which houses the cells of origin of the _____ _____ fibre
dorsal root
The VENTRAL (ANTERIOR) ROOT, is ____
a) sensory
b) parasympatheric
C) sympathetic
d) motor
motor
the anterior and dorsal roots join together at the ______ foramen to form the SPINAL NERVE
intervertebral
on emerging from the foramen, the SPINAL NERVE immediately divides into the anterior and posterior ____
rami
the anterior and posterior rami contain ____ fibres
a)sensory
b)motor
c) both
both
both The lumbar and sacral nerve roots below the termination of the cord form the ______ _______
CAUDA EQUINA
where do the spinal nerves leave the vertebral canal
INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN
where anterior and posteriorly does the intervertebral Forman lie
Anteriorly, bounded by the bodies of the adjoining vertebrae and intervertebral disc.
Posteriorly bounded by the SYNOVIAL JOINTS between the two superior and two inferior ARTICULAR PROCESSES.
below the dura and arachnoid mater, which space does the spinal nerve lies in
subarachnoid space
The spinal cord ends at the interval between the first and second _____ vertebrae
lumbar
with regard to the spinal cord, what is the CONUS MEDULLARIS
tapering of the cord
with regard to the spinal cord, what is the FILUM TERMINALE
a fibrous strand extending from the conus medullaris to coccyx.
The subarachnoid space and CSF extend into the upper half of the _____
sacrum (sacral canal)
