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ANATOMY > Neuro 6 - vertebral column and osteology > Flashcards

Neuro 6 - vertebral column and osteology Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebral, thoracic , lumbar, sacral and coccyx

A

7,12,5,5,4

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2
Q

vertebral column transmits the body weight on to the lower limbs through the ________ joints

A

SACROILLIAC JOINTS

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3
Q

The SPINAL CORD and its coverings and the SPINAL NERVES are contained inside the _______ CANAL.

A

vertebral

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4
Q

Note difference on Cervical vertebrae on

Body
Spinous process
Vertebral foramen
Transverse process
Movement allowed
Extras

A

-squarish
-Bifid
-triangular
-contains transverse foramina
- flexion and extension at the joint between the atlas and the occipital bone, the atlanto-occipital joint and head turning at joint between atlas and axis

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5
Q

why in cervical vertebrae is spinous process is short and bifid

A

to allow ligamentum nuchae to run through it

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6
Q

Note difference on Thoracic vertebrae on

Body
Spinous process
Vertebral foramen
Transverse process
Movement allowed

A
  • medium sized and heart shaped
    -project posteriorly but mainly downward
    -guitar body shaped
    -costal facets (1-10 only) on transverse process
    -slight gliding movement
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7
Q

Note difference on lumbar vertebrae on

Body
Spinous process
Vertebral foramen
Transverse process
Movement allowed

A

-large and kidney shaped
-short and broad
-clam shaped
-long and slender with no facets
-flexion–extension and lateral flexion

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8
Q

which vertebrae is the vertebra prominent

A

C7

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9
Q

At what lvl of the lumbar vertebrae are the iliac crests

A

L3-L4

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10
Q

Movements of the vertebral column are forward flexion at _____degrees , extensional _____ degrees, lateral flexion at ____ degrees and rotation at ____ degrees

A

40
15
30
40

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11
Q

Rotation is maximum at the ____ region, whereas it is very limited in the _____ spine

pick 2 from

-cervicle
-thoaracic
-lumbar

A

Thoracic
Lumbar

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12
Q

The INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS are strong ___________ structures that can withstand compression forces but are flexible enough to allow movements between the vertebrae.

A

fibrocartilaginous

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13
Q

Each INTERVERTEBRAL disc has two parts, a _______ ______surrounded by an ________ ________.

A

NUCLEUS PULPOSUS
ANNULUS FIBROSIS

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14
Q

The annulus fibrosus is made of 1) _____ concentric layers of 2) ______ whose 3)____ arrangement alters in successive layers

pick best answer for each one

1) 7-9, 8-10, 9-11, 10-12
2) endothelium, collagen, podocytes
3)parallel, oblique

A

10-12
collagen
obliques

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15
Q

nucleus pulposus is a well hydrated gel having ______, _____ and ______ cells

A

proteoglycan, collagen and cartilage cells

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16
Q

Peripherally the annulus fibrosus is attached to the ______ BODIES as well as to the __________ LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT.

A

vertebral
Posterior

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17
Q

describe the sandwich of the intervertabral down

A

Hyaline carriage
Annulus fibrosis
Nucleus pulposus
Anulus fibrosis
Hyaline

18
Q

what is the ligament between each spinous

A

intraspinus ligament

19
Q

what is the ligament running along tips of each spinous

A

supraspinous ligament

20
Q

which ligament extends between lamina of adjacent vertebrae.

A

ligamentum flavum

21
Q

which ligament runs along the full length of the anterior vertebral column

A

anterior longitudinal ligaments

22
Q

which ligament is weaker than the anterior longitudinal ligaments and prevents hyperflexion

A

posterior longitudinal ligaments

23
Q

which ligament is thick and prevents prevents hyperextension

a) ANTERIOR LONGITUDNAL LIGAMENT
b) POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT

A

ANTERIOR

24
Q

Which ligamentt is thin and prevents hyeprflexion

A) anterior longitudinal ligament
B) Posterior longitudinal ligament

A

b

25
Q

what is sciatica briefly and its symptoms

A

Compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve (L5). o Signs and symptoms:
▪ Pain radiating down the buttock, into the leg, down to the calf.
▪ Weakness in dorsiflexion causes foot drop.
▪ Abnormal gait.

26
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves and how may for each class of vertebrae

A

31
8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 1 coccygeal.

27
Q

The DORSAL ROOT of the spinal nerve carries ______ fibres.

a)sensory
b)parasympathetic
c)sympathetic
b) motor

A

sensory

28
Q

Dorsal root ganglion and has a DORSAL ROOT GANGLION which houses the cells of origin of the _____ _____ fibre

A

dorsal root

29
Q

The VENTRAL (ANTERIOR) ROOT, is ____

a) sensory
b) parasympatheric
C) sympathetic
d) motor

A

motor

30
Q

the anterior and dorsal roots join together at the ______ foramen to form the SPINAL NERVE

A

intervertebral

31
Q

on emerging from the foramen, the SPINAL NERVE immediately divides into the anterior and posterior ____

A

rami

32
Q

the anterior and posterior rami contain ____ fibres

a)sensory
b)motor
c) both

A

both

33
Q

both The lumbar and sacral nerve roots below the termination of the cord form the ______ _______

A

CAUDA EQUINA

34
Q

where do the spinal nerves leave the vertebral canal

A

INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN

35
Q

where anterior and posteriorly does the intervertebral Forman lie

A

Anteriorly, bounded by the bodies of the adjoining vertebrae and intervertebral disc.

Posteriorly bounded by the SYNOVIAL JOINTS between the two superior and two inferior ARTICULAR PROCESSES.

36
Q

below the dura and arachnoid mater, which space does the spinal nerve lies in

A

subarachnoid space

37
Q

The spinal cord ends at the interval between the first and second _____ vertebrae

A

lumbar

38
Q

with regard to the spinal cord, what is the CONUS MEDULLARIS

A

tapering of the cord

39
Q

with regard to the spinal cord, what is the FILUM TERMINALE

A

a fibrous strand extending from the conus medullaris to coccyx.

40
Q

The subarachnoid space and CSF extend into the upper half of the _____

A

sacrum (sacral canal)

ANATOMY (29 decks)

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