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ANATOMY > GU 1-Inguinal Canal and Male External Genitalia > Flashcards

GU 1-Inguinal Canal and Male External Genitalia Flashcards

1
Q

what is the inguinal canal

A

oblique passageway through the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall and lies superior to the medial half of the inguinal ligament

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2
Q

apox how long is inguinal canal (cm)

A

5

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3
Q

where does the inguinal canal extend from and reach to

A

deep inguinal ring –> superficial inguinal ring

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4
Q

the deep inguinal ring is an aperture in the _______ _____

A

transversalis fascia

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5
Q

the superficial inguinal ring is an aperture in the ______ _____ aponeurosis

A

external oblique aponeurosis

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6
Q

what Is the anterior border of the inguinal canal

A

-External oblique aponeurosis
-Laterally only: internal oblique aponeurosis

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7
Q

what is the posterior border of the inguinal canal

A

-Transversalis fascia
-Medially only: medial fibres of the aponeuroses of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis (together = the conjoint tendon).

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8
Q

what is the roof border of the inguinal canal

A

-Transversalis fascia
-Arching fibres of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis

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9
Q

what is the floor border of the inguinal canal

A

Inguinal ligament

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10
Q

what are the contents of the inguinal canal in women

A
  1. Round ligament of the uterus
  2. Ilioinguinal nerve
  3. Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve.
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11
Q

what are the contents o the inguinal canal in males

A

-all contained in the spermatic cord excluding the illiolinugal nerve

Inside the cord

-Testicular artery
- Cremasteric artery
- Artery to the vas deferens

-External spermatic fascia
- Cremaster muscle and fascia
-Internal spermatic fascia

-Pampiniform venous plexus
-lymphatics
-Vas deferens
- Processus vaginalis

-Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
-Sympathetic nerve fibres

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12
Q

What is the difference between males and females inguinal canal

A

males have a spermatic cord and women have an round ligament

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13
Q

Describe a hernia

A

abnormal protrusion of tissues or organs from one region into another through an opening or defector

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14
Q

Describe and inguinal hernia

A

protrusion of abdominal contents through the anterior abdominal wall into the inguinal canal

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15
Q

describe an indirect inguinal hernia

A

intra-abdominal contents are forced through deep and possibly superficial ring along the canal

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16
Q

what is the risk of an indirect inguinal hernia

A

herniated tissues may become strangulated and therefore ischaemic requiring immediate surgery

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17
Q

Describe a direct inguinal hernia

A

intra-abdominal contents are forced through posterior inguinal canal wall (transversalis fascia) and directly through the superficial ring

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18
Q

Just beneath the superficial fascia of scrotum is which muscle, and is it involuntary of in voluntary

A

dartos, involuntary

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19
Q

what does each half of the scrotum contain

A

testis, epididymis and lower spermatic cord.

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20
Q

what sex hormone do the testes secrete

A

testosterone

21
Q

what are the names of the 3 fascia the cover the testes from most superior to deep

A

external spermatic fascia
cremator fascia
internal spermatic fascia

22
Q

which sac partially covered the scrotum

A

tunica vaginalis

23
Q

what is the epididymis and what is stored in it

A

coiled tube on posterior border of each testes

storing spermatozoa

24
Q

The vas deferens carries sperm from the _______ and travels with the testicular vessels in the spermatic cord.

A

epididymis

25
Q

The testicular arteries are direct branches of the ______ ______

A

abdominal aorta

26
Q

Venous blood from the testis and epididymis enters the _______ venous plexus

A

pampiniform

27
Q

The right testicular vein enters the _____ ______ ____.
The left testicular vein joins the left _____ ______.

A

inferior vena cave (directly)
left renal vein (then IVC)

28
Q

describe Hydrocoele

A

painless accumulation of peritoneal fluid between the layers of the tunica vaginalis around the testis

diagnosed due to the swelling being transilluminated (light being shone through)

29
Q

Describe Varicocele

A

abnormal dilation of pampiniform venous plexus

30
Q

why is a Varicocele more common in the left

A

left testicular vein drains into the left renal vein before it drains into the inferior vena cava

31
Q

Describe Epididymo-orchitis

A

-painful inflammation of the epididymis and testis
-young usually caused by STI
-older usually UTI

32
Q

Describe testicular torsion

A

-very painful twisting of the testis on the spermatic cord
-can lead to testicular ischaemia
-untreated can cause testicle to become necrotic and lost

33
Q

Describe Cryptorchidism

A
34
Q

in what place during foetal development do the testes develop

A

inguinal canal

35
Q

why wouldn’t spermatogenesis occur in undefended tested

A

requires specific temperatures (below core) and in the inguinal canal it would be core temp

36
Q

what 2 fluids does the penile urethra carry

A

semen and urine

37
Q

what are the three cylinders of erectile tissue

A

two corpora cavernosa dorsally
one corpus spongiosum ventrally

38
Q

The end of the penis is called the and is an expansion of the corpus ________.

A

glans
spongiosum

39
Q

The penile urethra (which carries urine and semen) lies within the corpus ______

A

spongiosum

40
Q

The urethra approaches the end of the penis and opens via the external urethral ______.

A

meatus

41
Q

The penile arteries branch from the internal pudendal arteries, which themselves branch from the _______ ______ arteries.

A

internal iliac

42
Q

The nerve supply to the penis is from the S_ to S_ nerves

A

2-4

43
Q

Parasympathetic nerve fibres (responsible for causing erection by dilating the arteries of the corpora) arise from the ______-_____ nerve plexus.

A

peri-prostatic

44
Q

The corpora _______ are primarily responsible for the increase in size and rigidity of the penis during an erection

A

cavernosa

45
Q

During sexual arousal, arterial blood flow into the corpora of the penis increases, so the corpora become engorged with blood. Which corpora receives most the blood

A

cevernosa

46
Q

what is the main role of the corpus spongiosum during erection

A

preventing urethra being compressed so semen may flow

47
Q

The inguinal canal is a potential weakness in the anterior abdominal wall. What factors normally prevent herniation of the abdominal contents through the inguinal canal?

A
  • The criss-crossing orientation of the muscle fibres of the abdominal wall.
  • The oblique orientation of the canal.
48
Q

Which nerves provide sensory innervation to the scrotal skin?

A
  • The anterior 1/3 of the scrotum is supplied by the ilioinguinal nerve (from L1).
  • The posterior 2/3 is supplied by the pudendal nerve (from S2, S3, S4)
49
Q

Testicular pain may radiate to the lower abdomen and loin. Why?

A
  • The nociceptive (pain sensation) nerve fibres to the testis are sympathetic and follow testicular artery from the aortic sympathetic plexus which is formed from the T11 + T12 nerve roots.

Pain is felt in the distribution of the cutaneous nerve of these dermatomes as a referred pain

ANATOMY (29 decks)

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