Neuro 4 cerebellum + 4th ventricle Flashcards
What is the largest sturcutre in the hindbrain
Cerebellum
Main functions of the cerebellum
coordination of movement and balance
what is the midline of the cerebellum called
vermis
The cerebellum consists of an outer layer of _____ matter, the cortex, and an inner core of _____ matter surrounding centrally placed aggregations of nerve cells, the DEEP NUCLEI
grey
white
what are the many fissures on the cerebellum called
folia
what are the 3 cerebellar peduncles and whee tay attach to
Superior - midbrain
Middle - pons
Inferior - medullar
Where is the cerebellum located
-immediately inferior to the occipital and temporal lobes
-within the posterior cranial fossa
-It is separated from these lobes by the tentorium cerebelli, a tough layer of dura mater.
What structure separates pons from cerebellum
4th ventricle
what is the black band of nerve cells overlying the crus cerebri
substantial nigra
which fissure borders the anterior lobe posteriorly
horizontal fissure
what fissure borders the posterior lobe anteriorly
horizontal fissure
which fissure divides the posterior and anterior cerebellar lobes
Primary fissure
describe the tonsil of the cerebellum
- prominent rounded swelling of the cerebellar cortex anteriorly on either side of the vermis.
Describe the nodule of the cerebellum
continuous with the flocculus via a peduncle of white matter.
Describe FLOCCULUS of the cerebellum
- ovoid in shape
-inferior to inferior peduncles - lies immediately posterior to the lateral foramen of the IVth ventricle on each side partly covered by choroid plexus.
-lies immediately caudal to the entry point of the cranial 8 and is crossed anteriorly by the emerging cranial 10 and 12
describe th FLOCCULO-NODULAR LOBE in the verebellum
-flocculus and nodule together
- primarily concerned with vestibular information.
Which tract travels through superior cerebellar peduncle
Spinocerebellar
which tract is responsible for sensory input for balance and posture
spinocerebellar
which tract travels through the middle cerebellar peduncle
corticopontocerebellar
which tract is responsible for info from primary motor cortex of the motor plan, the same info is going to the spine
corticopontocerbellar tract
which tract travels through inferior cerebellar peduncle
vestibulocerebellar tract
which tract is responsible for spatial awareness and balance
Vestibulocerebellar tract
What is the floor of the 4th ventricle
rhomboid fossa
where is the dentate nucleus found and what it do
-directly lateral to the vermis and just posterolateral to the fourth ventricle
-The dentate nucleus is responsible for the planning, initiation and control of voluntary movements.
what are the medial dorsal columns called
gracile tubericals
what are the lateral dorsal columns called
cuneate terbicles
what type of information does the gracile fasciculi carry
carrying touch, vibration, two-point discrimination and proprioception from the lower limb
what type of information does the cuneate fasciculi carry
carrying touch, vibration, two-point discrimination and proprioception from the upper limb
which sulcus divides the rhomboid fossa into triangular left and right halves.
median
The hypoglossal trigone/triangle is _______ to the vagal triagnone/triangle
a)superior
b)inferior
superior
what is, and where is the facial colliculus
-bulging formed by the fibres of the facial nerve looping around the abducens nucleus.
-pons
What is the Lamina terminalis
-hair thin structure from rostrum of corpus calossum and fornix and deepens down forming wall of third ventricle (without this fluid would leak into subarachnoid space)
What is the inter thalamic adhesion
connects thalamus on each side of the brain
What is the hypothalamic sulcus
sulcus between thalamus and hypothalamus
what Is the calcarine sulcus
- runs posteriorly to reach the occipital pole.
-The primary visual cortex lies in the walls of the calcarine sulcus.
what is the Cingulate sulcus
separates the cingulate gyrus which runs above the corpus calossum
What is the paracentral gyrus
-U-shaped gyrus surrounding the medial extension of
the central sulcus
what is the MEDIAL GENICULATE NUCLEUS
- relays auditory information from the midbrain to the auditory cortex
- passes some fibres via the inferior brachium to the INFERIOR COLLICULI.
what is the LATERAL GENICULATE NUCLEUS
-relays visual information from the optic nerve to both the visual cortex via the optic radiation (for vision)
- and the SUOERIOR COLLICULI via the superior brachium (for pupillary reflexes).
what is the subthalamus
-ventral part of the diencephalon below the thalamus and lateral
to the hypothalamus merging posteriorly with the tegmentum
Different areas of the cortex are connected by myelinated axons. These form the white matter. There are three main types:
- ASSOCIATION FIBRES - link cortical regions within one cerebral hemisphere
- COMMISSURAL FIBRES - these link similar functional areas of the two hemispheres.
- PROJECTION FIBRES - these link the cortex with subcortical structures such as the thalamus and spinal cord via the INTERNAL CAPSULE and the CORONA RADIATA.
What is the blood supply to the cerebellum and from which vessels do these arteries usually arise?
● Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries from the vertebral arteries.
● Anterior inferior cerebellar arteries from the basilar artery.
● Superior cerebellar arteries from the basilar artery.
Describe CSF’s pathway through ventirucular system
-lateral –> third (via inter-ventricular foramen), down cerebral –> aqueduct to 4th ventricle
