The Establishment Of Consulate

Question 1

Who were directors = weak (3+)

Answer 1

Paul barras = corrupt + rumoured to be planning royalist restoration
Gohier = jacobin views and intimate with Josephine bonaparte
Sieyes = no faith in constitution

Question 2

What was Sieyes plan in Brumaire (2)

Answer 2

Persuade directors to resign
Persuade two councils to appoint a commission to draw a new constitution

Question 3

Morning of 18 Brumaire what (2)

Answer 3

Lucien (N’s brother) in charge of Co500 = assemblies persuaded to leave the centre of Paris and move to saint-cloud
This was to be well away from pro-jacobin Parisian mobs

Question 4

18 Brumaire - Napoleon what (4+)

Answer 4

Napoleon promised to ensure safety of two councils
Took command of Parisian troops
His trusted commander moved 6000 men into position around saint-cloud
All directors resigned = destroyed directory gov

Question 5

By 19 Brumaire what - 10 November

Answer 5

Deputies realised they’d been duped + facing coup by army rather than being protected from jacobin rebellion

Question 6

Napoleon - impatient what (3)

Answer 6

Napoleon thought councils would declare in his favour without force
First went to CoA then moved to Co500 = met with violent threats
Lucien got palace guards to move into hall = deputies left

Question 7

When was new constitution adopted (3)

Answer 7

24 December 1799
Became known as constitution of year VIII
Although modified = basis for consulate of 1799-1804

Question 8

What - constitution (3)

Answer 8

Strong ‘top-down’ control
1/5 members of two bodies of leg = replaced annually = no clear provisions of who would step down
Provision of adding to number of senators annually

Question 9

Vote - constitution (2+)

Answer 9

All males = vote
Electorate of 6m = 6000 eligible to serve in legislature of 400 + no right to intimate legislature

Question 10

Senatus consultum

Answer 10

Offered first consul a way of by-passing opposition in legislative body

Question 11

What could first council do (4)

Answer 11

Appoint and dismiss ministers
Make leg proposals
Control foreign policy
Chose members of Council of State = N’s leg directions regarded favourably

Question 12

How were powers split in new constitution (2)

Answer 12

Tribunate = discuss legislation but not vote
Leg body = not discuss but vote

Question 13

What could senate do

Answer 13

Override decisions made by legislature because of senatus consultum

Question 14

Who were consuls (4)

Answer 14

Napoleon
Jean Jaques Regis de cambaceres = moderate republican
Charles-Francois Lebrun = royalist sentiment
Intently loyal to Napoleon