Army + Conquest During Condulate + Empire Flashcards

1
Q

Surprise attack when + what (3)

A

May 1800 against Austrians in north Italy
50000 men but Austrians waiting
Reserve troops = success for French

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2
Q

Why Austrian sign treaty of luneville + when

A

February 1801
Forced to after France won another battle in November

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3
Q

What treaty of luneville (2+)

A

France was allowed to keep all its former gains + take lands in Tuscany
Austria lost all lands in Italy except Venice and Dalmatian coast

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4
Q

When + what peace of Amiens

A

1802
End of second war of coalition

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5
Q

What peace of Amiens

A

France agreed to leave UP, Naples and Papal States in return for British withdrawal

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6
Q

Peace of Amiens British withdrawals (3+)

A

All overseas territories taken in past 9byears returned to French
Egypt returned to Turks
Malta returned to knights of Saint John

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7
Q

Peace of Amiens fail

A

Neither side fully honoured terms - France kept UP + B kept Malta

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8
Q

When did britain declare war again

A

May 1803

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9
Q

Strength of British navy example

A

British admiral nelson destroyed a joint Franco-Spanish fleet at trafalgar in October 1805

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10
Q

Army of England built by Napoleon (2)

A

Comprised 193,000 men + 9149 horses
2443 boats built to transport it

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11
Q

Battle of traffalgar (4)

A

21 October 1805
27 British ships defeated 33 French and Spanish ships
Franco-Spanish lost 22 ships and British lost none
Confined British naval superiority

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12
Q

1805 military success (2++)

A

October = defeated Austrians at river Danube = captured more 50,000 troops
December = defeated auto-Russian force = 90,000 R to 68,000 F

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13
Q

What and when confederation of Rhine (3++)

A

July 1806
Consolidated French control over western Germany after victories in 1805
By 1808 =pconprised 36 states + Napoleon became president
States adopted code Napoleon and supplied troops for army and embraced Continental sytem

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14
Q

What did CoR lead to (2)

A

Provoked prussians = annoyed with French attempts to stop British trade
Prussia joined B + R in September 1806

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15
Q

When did Russians withdrawal

A

1807

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16
Q

Treaty of Pressburg

A

1805
Napoleon given Dalmatia, Venice and Istria

17
Q

When treaty of Tilsit (4+)

A

July 1807
Russia, Prussia and France peace
Prussia gave up Poland and suffered French army occupation until paid 120m francs
Russia joined Continental sytem

18
Q

Italy and Napoleon by 1808 (3+)

A

Annexed Papal States in Italy
Feb 1808 = occupation of Rome
March 1808 = papal provinces annexed to kingdom of Italy

19
Q

What did annexation of Italy states to French empire mean (2+)

A

Strengthened Continental sytem
Showed balance of power swung firmly from papacy to emperor

20
Q

Ingredients for success - grande armee (3+)

A

Become more professional - promotion by merit has increased pool of skilled officers
Greater emphasis on military training + study
Long era of war = advances in weapon art = lighter field artillery

21
Q

How did recruitment change (5)

A

Volunteer days were over
From 1793 = recruits conscripted to provide army of unprecedented size
Expanding empire = more men to call on
Revolutionary properganda had instilled in men to fight for โ€˜liberty and equalityโ€™
Amalgame ensured recruits fought alongside veterans

22
Q

Military organisation what (3+)

A

By corps:
1800 he peremantly reorganised army creating smaller units = corps dโ€™armee = advance on separate routes and conc. for battle
Lived of the land = more flexible and manoeuvrable

23
Q

Ingredients to success = leadership

A

Absolute authority = draw on whatever resources needed = forced loans from satellite states

24
Q

Rewards for military efforts (4+)

A

Extra rations
Opportunity to plunder
Land
Respect

25
Q

Weakenesses of French enemies (2++)

A

Suffered from traditional approach to warfare = Generals appointed because of who they were etc
Coalitions never united in fight = broke up because individual members made peace = Napoleon exploited any and all diversions

26
Q

Exmaple of exploitation of divisions of coalition (3+)

A

1800 = N exploited opposition of P + R to British interference with neutral shipping
Encourage Tsar Paul I to create league of armed neutrality = Prussia, Sweden, Denmark and Russia anglia st B
1801 = rapidly collapsed

27
Q

Main reason for empire expansion

A

Military success

28
Q

By 1810 - empire what

A

130 departments and population 44 million

29
Q

What did Napoleon claim empire was (3+)

A

Provide people with common fatherland
Shared code of judiciary and law
Spread enlightment and if Europe fo absolute rule, aristocratic rouveledge and feudal law

30
Q

What did Napoleon claim he was offering and replacement for (2)

A

Old and decaying Holy Roman Empire
Done in 1806 with CoR

31
Q

How did he behave like royal families of Europe (2+)

A

Created a dynasty
Replaced own family and French marshals on thrones of conquered European nations

32
Q

Example of โ€˜dynastyโ€™ (2)

A

Brother Joseph was made king of Naples in 1808
Brother Louis made king of Holland

33
Q

Value of empire (5+)

A

Enhanced French pride
Increased income = loans, tax and materials
Source of patronage = seized land used as reward + titles
Helped provide men for army
Increased talent pool

34
Q

Problems with empire (5+)

A

Costly when economy was struggling to recover from revolution
Costs of admin outstripped revenue
Scholarships + positions given to imperial personnel = reduced number given to French = reinforce if class divisions
Resentment created at conscription, tax, atttiutde to church and economic blockade = uprisings

35
Q

What - satlleite state (2)

A

Country thatโ€™s formally independant but under heavy political, economic and military influence and control
French ones known as pays allies