Army + Conquest During Condulate + Empire Flashcards
Surprise attack when + what (3)
May 1800 against Austrians in north Italy
50000 men but Austrians waiting
Reserve troops = success for French
Why Austrian sign treaty of luneville + when
February 1801
Forced to after France won another battle in November
What treaty of luneville (2+)
France was allowed to keep all its former gains + take lands in Tuscany
Austria lost all lands in Italy except Venice and Dalmatian coast
When + what peace of Amiens
1802
End of second war of coalition
What peace of Amiens
France agreed to leave UP, Naples and Papal States in return for British withdrawal
Peace of Amiens British withdrawals (3+)
All overseas territories taken in past 9byears returned to French
Egypt returned to Turks
Malta returned to knights of Saint John
Peace of Amiens fail
Neither side fully honoured terms - France kept UP + B kept Malta
When did britain declare war again
May 1803
Strength of British navy example
British admiral nelson destroyed a joint Franco-Spanish fleet at trafalgar in October 1805
Army of England built by Napoleon (2)
Comprised 193,000 men + 9149 horses
2443 boats built to transport it
Battle of traffalgar (4)
21 October 1805
27 British ships defeated 33 French and Spanish ships
Franco-Spanish lost 22 ships and British lost none
Confined British naval superiority
1805 military success (2++)
October = defeated Austrians at river Danube = captured more 50,000 troops
December = defeated auto-Russian force = 90,000 R to 68,000 F
What and when confederation of Rhine (3++)
July 1806
Consolidated French control over western Germany after victories in 1805
By 1808 =pconprised 36 states + Napoleon became president
States adopted code Napoleon and supplied troops for army and embraced Continental sytem
What did CoR lead to (2)
Provoked prussians = annoyed with French attempts to stop British trade
Prussia joined B + R in September 1806
When did Russians withdrawal
1807
Treaty of Pressburg
1805
Napoleon given Dalmatia, Venice and Istria
When treaty of Tilsit (4+)
July 1807
Russia, Prussia and France peace
Prussia gave up Poland and suffered French army occupation until paid 120m francs
Russia joined Continental sytem
Italy and Napoleon by 1808 (3+)
Annexed Papal States in Italy
Feb 1808 = occupation of Rome
March 1808 = papal provinces annexed to kingdom of Italy
What did annexation of Italy states to French empire mean (2+)
Strengthened Continental sytem
Showed balance of power swung firmly from papacy to emperor
Ingredients for success - grande armee (3+)
Become more professional - promotion by merit has increased pool of skilled officers
Greater emphasis on military training + study
Long era of war = advances in weapon art = lighter field artillery
How did recruitment change (5)
Volunteer days were over
From 1793 = recruits conscripted to provide army of unprecedented size
Expanding empire = more men to call on
Revolutionary properganda had instilled in men to fight for ‘liberty and equality’
Amalgame ensured recruits fought alongside veterans
Military organisation what (3+)
By corps:
1800 he peremantly reorganised army creating smaller units = corps d’armee = advance on separate routes and conc. for battle
Lived of the land = more flexible and manoeuvrable
Ingredients to success = leadership
Absolute authority = draw on whatever resources needed = forced loans from satellite states
Rewards for military efforts (4+)
Extra rations
Opportunity to plunder
Land
Respect
Weakenesses of French enemies (2++)
Suffered from traditional approach to warfare = Generals appointed because of who they were etc
Coalitions never united in fight = broke up because individual members made peace = Napoleon exploited any and all diversions
Exmaple of exploitation of divisions of coalition (3+)
1800 = N exploited opposition of P + R to British interference with neutral shipping
Encourage Tsar Paul I to create league of armed neutrality = Prussia, Sweden, Denmark and Russia anglia st B
1801 = rapidly collapsed
Main reason for empire expansion
Military success
By 1810 - empire what
130 departments and population 44 million
What did Napoleon claim empire was (3+)
Provide people with common fatherland
Shared code of judiciary and law
Spread enlightment and if Europe fo absolute rule, aristocratic rouveledge and feudal law
What did Napoleon claim he was offering and replacement for (2)
Old and decaying Holy Roman Empire
Done in 1806 with CoR
How did he behave like royal families of Europe (2+)
Created a dynasty
Replaced own family and French marshals on thrones of conquered European nations
Example of ‘dynasty’ (2)
Brother Joseph was made king of Naples in 1808
Brother Louis made king of Holland
Value of empire (5+)
Enhanced French pride
Increased income = loans, tax and materials
Source of patronage = seized land used as reward + titles
Helped provide men for army
Increased talent pool
Problems with empire (5+)
Costly when economy was struggling to recover from revolution
Costs of admin outstripped revenue
Scholarships + positions given to imperial personnel = reduced number given to French = reinforce if class divisions
Resentment created at conscription, tax, atttiutde to church and economic blockade = uprisings
What - satlleite state (2)
Country that’s formally independant but under heavy political, economic and military influence and control
French ones known as pays allies
