Challenges To The Empire Flashcards
What was Berlin decree (2)
Forbade all states under French control from buying British goods
Declared that britain and its overseas possessions were in a state of blockade
When Berlin decree
1806
How + when + what British response to Berlin decree (3+)
November 1807 = orders in council
- britain wouldn’t buy goods from France, it’s allies or neutral countries that obeyed French blockade
- Royal Navy would blockade French ports and allies
What + when Milan decree (3+)
December 1807
Authorised French warships to capture neutral ships sailing from any British ports or country occupied by British forces
Any ships allowed themselves to be searched by British = could be captured by French
What provoked co Pauling’s and uprisings
Tea, coffee, sugar and coffee became almost unobtainable everywhere in Continental Europe
Who refused to obey Continental system (2)
Portugal = provoked damaging napoleoanic entry into Spain in 1808
1810 = tsar Alexander I chose to opt out of system
Why did napoleons relations with Spain sour (2)
Spain plagued by political corruption and chaos
Attempted coup in march 1808 by charles’ (KoS) pro British son
What did Napoleon do - abdication of Spain
100,000 soldiers entered Spain and in march Charles abdicated followed by Ferdinand in May
What + when Madrid riots (3)
2 May 1808
Rebelled against French occupation = killed 150 French soldiers
Uprising crushed by Murat = trampled rebels and next day shot hundreds of madrids citizens in retaliation.
Rebel Spaniards after abdication of Charles (3)
Formed local resistance committees
In July 1808 = Spanish army of Andalusia defeated N forces at battle of Bailen
Forced French to retreat and abandon Spain = surrender of 22000 men
Consequence of failure against Spainish rebels July 1808 (4)
August 1808
British sent Arthur wellesley to aid Spanish
British/spainish army defeated French at battle of Vimerio in Portugal
Gave British a series of ports and bases to maintain pressure on F
When + what Napoleon enter Madrid (3)
4th November 1808
Napoleon put himself in command of Spain
Entered Madrid with 80,000 troops
Why was living of the land hard in Spain (3)
Hostility of Spanish peasants
Ceaseless guerilla warfare
Mountainous and barren areas = difficult for commanders to communicate
What is guerilla warfare (2)
By peasant bands
Used surprise ambushes, night raids and attacks on outposts
Why was Napoleon forced to leave Spain in January 1809
Deal with Austrians who because of French losses we’re going to restart attacks on F
By 1813 what in Spain (2)
Wellesley defeated French at Vitoria and entered Madrid
Defeated French at battle of Toulouse in 1814
Summary of Spanish campaign (2)
A quarter of a million French troops and huge amounts of money used
French never achieved a breakthrough - every victory was countered
Austrians army reform
Improved tactics and corps structure and developed conscription
Why did Austrians have advantage (2)
Invaded (French) Bavaria in April - sinner than expected
Bavarians retreated
How did N fix Austrian situation (2)
Battle of Eckmuhl = 21/22 April 1809
12000 A casualties to 6000 French casualties
N loss battle against Austrians (2)
Met forces at essling where he was outnumbered
Lost 20,000 men and was forced to retreat to island on Danube
Napoleons revised plans after 2ns loss against Austrians
French recrossed river = 188,000 men
Met 5-6 July = 2 day long battle with total 300,000 men
French lost 34,000 and Austrian lost 43,000
Treaty between Austria and France when + what (2)
Treaty of schonbrunn on 14 October 1809
Austria lost 83,000km2 of territory and 1/6 of its population
Treaty of schonbrunn terms (4)
France received lands in Croatia
Russia rescinded territory in east Galicia
Grand duchy if Warsaw received territory in west Galicia
Austria reduced army size to 150,000 and adhered to C sytem
Reasons for napoleons increase in military failure (3)
French army contained fewer veterans and more raw recruits than before
Relied on foreigners from satellite states = less reliable
Spanish campaign and risings in Germany and alps diverted French troops
What was tsar concerned with
Napoleon s ambitions for Poland = feared might invoke taking back land which russia had seized
When did tsar break trade embargo + what
31 December 1810
Put tariffs on French imports and allowed neutral ships (carrying British goods) into Russian ports
Invasion of Russia (2)
June 1812
March 1812 = tsar allied with Sweden
Evidence Napoleon not arsed about reformed principles like he claimed and more interested in winning (2)
Could have seized opportunity to liberate the Lithuanian serfs and win over ant-Russian Lithuanians
Instead to fosuced on destroying tsar army
Russians scorched earth policy (2)
Determined to prevent French living of the land
Burned villages, towns, crops and livestock
Why Napoleon failing (2(
Not planned for a long campaign in Russia
Had poor maps, inadequate clothes and limited medical supplies
Russians and British first meet (2)
7 September 1812
Russians lost 40,000 men and French lost 28,000
After Russian campaign (2)
Only 10,00p left of grande armee and barely 1000 fit for military service
Failure provoked a new coalition
What happened when Napoleon reached Moscow (3)
Found it basically deserted
Russian gov set it on fire
Napoleon deserted his army and returned to Paris
4coalition (5)
Russia, Prussia, Britain Austria and Sweden
Napoleons new army created after Russia
250,000 men
Battle of nations who and what (3)
French against p + A + R + S
Overwhelmed by sheer numbers
After 3 days = retreated to Germany
Evidence of lack of power after retreat to Germany (4th c)
Issued a decree for 900,000 conscripts only a fraction were ever raised
Treaty of Chaumont when + what (2)
March 1814
Allies agreed to preserve coalition until Napoleon had been defeated and future of Europe was settled
Treaty of Frontainebleau when and what (4+)
April 1814
Napoleon made to give up throne but could keep title of emperor
Had income of £200,000
Island of Elba = own kingdom
