Military Campaigns And Expansions Abroad Flashcards

1
Q

When army of Italy - Napoleon (2)

A

As a reward for vendemiaire
March 1796 = commander in chief of the army of Italy

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2
Q

What Italian campaign Napoleon

A

Hold back Austrians by way of diversion

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3
Q

What did Napoleon set about according to properganda - Italy (2)

A

Transform French army of Italy from demoralised, poorly equipped undernourished and unpaid men
To courageous and capable fighting force

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4
Q

How did Napoleon transform army - Italy (2)

A

Arranged for troops to be paid in silver rather than paper money
Confidence boosted by rapid victories in montenotte campaign against Austrian allies

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5
Q

Montenotte capamaign victory (3)

A

Started in 10 April 1796
Until armistamce of Cherasco on 28 April
Piedmont-Sardinia withdrew from first war of coalition

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6
Q

Montenotte campaign result (2)

A

Savoy and nice given to France
Provided France with supplies, munitions and guarantee of free passage through piedmont for French troops

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7
Q

Pope and king of Naples - what (2)

A

Tales of Napoleon exploits = signed rapid treaties with French
Payed indemnities (protection money) = after defeat in war as a condition of peace

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8
Q

How much was indemnity (2)

A

21 million livre
800,000 livre in shipping costs = painting and artwork

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9
Q

When - battle of Lodi

A

May 1796

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10
Q

What after battle of Lodi (3)

A

Established two client states: one in south + one in north
After further victories = merged = Cisalpine republic of June 1797
Capital in Milan with directory, ministers + two-chamber legislature of own nominees

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11
Q

Treaty with austria (2)

A

Treaty of campo formio of 17 October 1797
Napoleon agreed without negotiating directory

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12
Q

What did treaty with Austria agree (4+)

A

Recognition of French control over Austrian Netherlands
Acceptance of French Cisplane and Ligurian republics - French recognised Austrian influence over part of Venetian republic
Recognition of French Rhine
French possession of several islands in Mediterranean and Venetian islands in the Adriatic

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13
Q

What had Napoleon achieved when returned to Paris - Italy (5)

A

Reshaped map of Europe
Ended war of first coalition - only at war with British
Major step in Napoleons fame
No final peace between HRE + France
War of second coalition broke out 1799

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14
Q

How did Napoleon rescue the directory

A

He sent general Augereau to purge royalists from council of 500 in coup of fructidor in September 1797

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15
Q

What and Napoleon shown - Italy (2)

A

Ability as military commander and diplomat and state maker
New republics = political leadership + law making

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16
Q

Why Egypt (4)

A

Protect French trad interests
Attack British commerce in east Mediterranean
Undermine Bristains access to India and East Indies
Distract British navy = potential invasion of England possible

17
Q

When did he set of for Egypt (3)

A

May 1798
Mary of the orient
35000 troops

18
Q

When did he reach Egypt (2)

A

July 1798
Defeated Egyptians in battle of pyramids in July

19
Q

Bad - Napoleon + British in Egypt

A

Admiral nelson = British naval squad
Nest on destroyed French fleet in august = cut Napoleon off from France

20
Q

The siege of Jaffa (5)

A

Syria
13000 men took in march 1799
Shot 2000 prisoners
Executed Turkish governor
Allowed soldiers 2 days of slaughter + rape

21
Q

What led to second war of coalition (3+)

A

Napoleons expulsion of knights of St. John from Malta in 1798 when on his way to Egypt
Angered Tsar of Russia = honorary head of the order
Austria took advantage of N involvement with Egypt and linked up with Britain, Russia, Portugal, Ottoman Empire and several German + Italian states

22
Q

What 2 coalition (3)

A

Mounted several invasions
Campaigns in Italy, Switzerland and a Anglo Russian invasion of Netherlands
N received reports Russia and Austria on French borders

23
Q

When Napoleon reached France from Egypt what (5)

A

October 1799
Enemies been repelled
Russia withdrew from coalition
Directory in weak position = coups + purges
Napoleon viewed as a saviour

24
Q

How did he improve army organisation (3)

A

Developed self contained and relatively small army corps of 10,000-30,000
Each composed of infantry, artillery, and cavalry rather than traditional diversions of soldier type
Moved troops along different routes to deceive enemy = โ€˜march divided, fight unitedโ€™

25
Q

What, who + exmaple of the โ€˜forced marchโ€™ (3)

A

Napoleon developed it
Used speed to take men along long distances to surprise enemy
General Augereau (Italy campaign) corps marched 80km in 36 hours

26
Q

How was speed improved (2)

A

Made men live of the land
Didnโ€™t wait for lumbering supply wagons

27
Q

Sheer force of personality- what (3)

A

Cultivated men through speeches and bulletins
Lead by example = travelled with troops
Ensured troops were well fed, paid and supplied

28
Q

How much work did he put

A

Sometimes known to put in 18-20 hours a day