Military Campaigns And Expansions Abroad Flashcards
When army of Italy - Napoleon (2)
As a reward for vendemiaire
March 1796 = commander in chief of the army of Italy
What Italian campaign Napoleon
Hold back Austrians by way of diversion
What did Napoleon set about according to properganda - Italy (2)
Transform French army of Italy from demoralised, poorly equipped undernourished and unpaid men
To courageous and capable fighting force
How did Napoleon transform army - Italy (2)
Arranged for troops to be paid in silver rather than paper money
Confidence boosted by rapid victories in montenotte campaign against Austrian allies
Montenotte capamaign victory (3)
Started in 10 April 1796
Until armistamce of Cherasco on 28 April
Piedmont-Sardinia withdrew from first war of coalition
Montenotte campaign result (2)
Savoy and nice given to France
Provided France with supplies, munitions and guarantee of free passage through piedmont for French troops
Pope and king of Naples - what (2)
Tales of Napoleon exploits = signed rapid treaties with French
Payed indemnities (protection money) = after defeat in war as a condition of peace
How much was indemnity (2)
21 million livre
800,000 livre in shipping costs = painting and artwork
When - battle of Lodi
May 1796
What after battle of Lodi (3)
Established two client states: one in south + one in north
After further victories = merged = Cisalpine republic of June 1797
Capital in Milan with directory, ministers + two-chamber legislature of own nominees
Treaty with austria (2)
Treaty of campo formio of 17 October 1797
Napoleon agreed without negotiating directory
What did treaty with Austria agree (4+)
Recognition of French control over Austrian Netherlands
Acceptance of French Cisplane and Ligurian republics - French recognised Austrian influence over part of Venetian republic
Recognition of French Rhine
French possession of several islands in Mediterranean and Venetian islands in the Adriatic
What had Napoleon achieved when returned to Paris - Italy (5)
Reshaped map of Europe
Ended war of first coalition - only at war with British
Major step in Napoleons fame
No final peace between HRE + France
War of second coalition broke out 1799
How did Napoleon rescue the directory
He sent general Augereau to purge royalists from council of 500 in coup of fructidor in September 1797
What and Napoleon shown - Italy (2)
Ability as military commander and diplomat and state maker
New republics = political leadership + law making
Why Egypt (4)
Protect French trad interests
Attack British commerce in east Mediterranean
Undermine Bristains access to India and East Indies
Distract British navy = potential invasion of England possible
When did he set of for Egypt (3)
May 1798
Mary of the orient
35000 troops
When did he reach Egypt (2)
July 1798
Defeated Egyptians in battle of pyramids in July
Bad - Napoleon + British in Egypt
Admiral nelson = British naval squad
Nest on destroyed French fleet in august = cut Napoleon off from France
The siege of Jaffa (5)
Syria
13000 men took in march 1799
Shot 2000 prisoners
Executed Turkish governor
Allowed soldiers 2 days of slaughter + rape
What led to second war of coalition (3+)
Napoleons expulsion of knights of St. John from Malta in 1798 when on his way to Egypt
Angered Tsar of Russia = honorary head of the order
Austria took advantage of N involvement with Egypt and linked up with Britain, Russia, Portugal, Ottoman Empire and several German + Italian states
What 2 coalition (3)
Mounted several invasions
Campaigns in Italy, Switzerland and a Anglo Russian invasion of Netherlands
N received reports Russia and Austria on French borders
When Napoleon reached France from Egypt what (5)
October 1799
Enemies been repelled
Russia withdrew from coalition
Directory in weak position = coups + purges
Napoleon viewed as a saviour
How did he improve army organisation (3)
Developed self contained and relatively small army corps of 10,000-30,000
Each composed of infantry, artillery, and cavalry rather than traditional diversions of soldier type
Moved troops along different routes to deceive enemy = ‘march divided, fight united’
What, who + exmaple of the ‘forced march’ (3)
Napoleon developed it
Used speed to take men along long distances to surprise enemy
General Augereau (Italy campaign) corps marched 80km in 36 hours
How was speed improved (2)
Made men live of the land
Didn’t wait for lumbering supply wagons
Sheer force of personality- what (3)
Cultivated men through speeches and bulletins
Lead by example = travelled with troops
Ensured troops were well fed, paid and supplied
How much work did he put
Sometimes known to put in 18-20 hours a day
