The Control Of The Grand Empire

Question 1

Administration if France

Answer 1

Departments carved out and admin centred on Paris

Question 2

Amin in empire - officials

Answer 2

Opportunity of promotion for merit = increase pool of talented men

Question 3

Gendarmeries (3+)

Answer 3

Set up in French states in Europe
Reinforced power and authority of central gov
Established control in lawless areas known for smuggling = Apennine regions of Italy

Question 4

Gendarmes fail (3)

Answer 4

Resented = unnessaey and oppressive
All attempts in Spain failed
South Italy and north Germany coast failed

Question 5

Summary of French imperial admin system (2+)

Answer 5

Well oiled Bureaucratic machine
Regulation may have smothered areas but standardisation was key for N and ministers

Question 6

Economic policy = France first (2)

Answer 6

States that made up empire = paid heavily for privilege of French protection

Question 7

Exmaple of France maximising revenue from satellite states (3)

Answer 7

Improved efficiencies raised tax revenue from kingdom of Italy by 50% from 1805-1811
Naples = 100 different taxes replaced by a single tax on land and industry
Holland = new uniform land tax and commercial profits taxed at lower rate than agricultural to ensure support of wealthy merchants

Question 8

What was dotations (2)

Answer 8

Attempt to create solid supporters
Gave individual an endowment = collect rev from seized land

Question 9

Dotations example (2)

Answer 9

Poland and Westphalia
Jointly supplied around 25% of the land dotations

Question 10

Why was dotations a useful social purpose (2)

Answer 10

Reduced income of states themselves = less power
Duchy of Warsaw lost 1/5 of potential revenue through it

Question 11

Differences in economies of French states (2++)

Answer 11

Direct control = preferential treatment
Satellites = primarily regarded as suppliers of raw materials + food fro French = couldn’t develop manufacturing industry that competed with French

Question 12

Example of preferential areas of empire doing well (2)

Answer 12

Belgium took advantage of ban of British cotton and Belgian textile industry boomed
Mining in Rhineland was successful

Question 13

Non French manufacturing centres of Europe suffered? (3)

Answer 13

Lombardy and piedmont
Rapidly declining silk industry
This is because raw silk had to be sent to lyons in France

Question 14

Continteal sytem and trade (2(

Answer 14

Annexed territories (Belgium) could circulate goods freely across Europe
Satellite states = pay tariffs on own exports to France and each other

Question 15

Examples of areas that relied on manufacturing suffering

Answer 15

Grand duchy of berg = textiles could not consorted with production in Rhineland

Question 16

Agriculture less effected by Napoleon

Answer 16

Italy was viewed as the ‘granary of the empire’ and almost all rice crops went to France

Question 17

1810-1811 problem with continteal system (3)

Answer 17

Absence of overseas trade = manufactured goods had to be sold within continual surope
Insufficient markets = urban centres suffered loss of own industrial capacity and crippled by heavy tax
Overproduction = collapse in prices

Question 18

Other factors (not N) causing economic problems (2+)

Answer 18

British industrial supremacy
Europe still primarily rural/agricultural economic area with localised markets and only small scale industrial development

Question 19

Social policies in empire (3+)

Answer 19

Spread French cultural values
French believed that the superiority of their enlightenment principles = liberty and equality
Pressures of emepire in alter years = forced compromise

Question 20

Concordat when and what

Answer 20

1801
End to secular privilege church and imposed religious toleration

Question 21

What did concordat do (3)

Answer 21

Church lands seized and monasteries abolished
Religious festivals ended

Question 22

What did concordat lead to (3)

Answer 22

Peasant rising in Spain in 1808
Various popular disturbances in 1809
Following N seizure of pope

Question 23

Jewish in empire (3+)

Answer 23

March 1808 = Jewish worship organised through governing body in Paris
Attempt to impose French control over Jews = European Jews
Some areas opposed Jews = 1808 grand duchy of Warsaw suspended Jewish toleration for 10 years

Question 24

Where were nobility still strong

Answer 24

Traditional kingdom of Naples and some German states

Question 25

What is Serfdom

Answer 25

Peasants were their masters property
Remained in Eastern Europe but abolished in Western Europe

Question 26

What happened to serfdom

Answer 26

Abolished in grand duchy of Warsaw in 1807

Question 27

Summary Napoleons success socially

Answer 27

No attempt to reimpose serfdom after N but the regime failed to change structure of society in rural Europe

Question 28

What did empire create spread of (3+)

Answer 28

Military conscription
Provoked peasant hostility and rebellion
After 1808 growing discontent in more rural areas and less developed areas of Spain, the German Tyrol and Naples

Question 29

Impact of conscription (3+)

Answer 29

1806:
Grand duchy of berg had population 50,000 and had to provide 5000 men to grand armee
Westphalia had population of 2 million and 600,000 called upon
French armies lived of land = peasant families had to cope with destruction of crops killing of animals

Question 30

Conscription example of increase (2)

Answer 30

Estimated around 25% conscripts evaded service in 1804
Figure fell to under 10% in 1813 when it was more harshly enforced