The Aftermath Of The Terror Flashcards
1st measure following the terror (2)
31 July
Vacancies on CPS + CGS filled by dantonists and ‘the plain’
2nd measure following the terror (2)
1 august
Law of 22 Prairial was repealed = many released
3rd measure following the terror (3)
10 august
Revolutionary tribunal reorganised
Exile to Guiana in SA rather than guillotine
4th measure following the terro (3)
24 august
The law of revolutionary government = complete reorganisation of government and admin away from centralised structure
The law of revolutionary government what (3++++)
Revolutionary committees were reduced = one per department = Broke power of sc into sections
Central gov in hands of 16 committees responsible to convention (rev changes of memeber ship) = reduced power of CPS + CGS = CPS powers limited to diplomacy, military ops and war material
New represents en mission dispatched to provinces = ovsee chnages + ensure jacobins removed from positions of authority
5th measure after terror (3)
31 august
Power of Paris commune reduced
Completely abolished in 1795
September measures (4+)
18 September
Church and state separated
State stopped paying clerical salaries
Ended ‘constitutional church’ - acted as gov branch
November measures (2)
12 November
Jacobin club closed down + all affiliated societies disbanded
December measures (3+)
24 December
Law of maximum repealed
Public workshops that established as part of terror attempt to help poor = restored to private ownership
Further measure in 1795 (4+)
February = toleration for all religion proclaimed (some restrictions on catholic practices)
April = represents en mission abolished
May = revolutionary tribunal abolished
October = law of suspects repealed
What is white terror
Name given to a series of purges and campaigns were Thermidorians took action against proponents of the terror
Who supported the Thermidorians
Muscadins and jeunesse doree (gilded youth)
What did muscadins and GY do (6)
Wore fashionable clothes
Armed with canes and wooden clubs
Attacked SC and jacobins
Felled trees of liberty
Trampled on tricolore cockades
Forced closure of pro jacobin newspapers
Why and what muscadins (2)
Means musk perfume
Well off bourgeoisie
Specific things muscadins did (3)
Helped in destruction of jacobin clubs
Led campaign to de-martyrise the former popular hero Marat
Helped defend the convention in 1795
Violent massacre where + when (3)
Lyons
May 1795
Jacobin prisoner hauled from cells and slaughtered
Where was threat of stability coming from (3)
Royalists - wanted to see Catholic Church restored to former self
Returning emigres
Jacobins
Desire of emigres (2)
Regain their property
Some wanted restoration of monarchy
Louis brother (3)
Encouraged restoration of monarchy in ‘Verona declaration’ of June 1795
Promised to restore French glory
Comte de Provence
Republicans defeats (3+)
February = treaty of La Jaunaye with royalist rebels in west
April = peace agreed with rebels in Chouans
July = general Hoche defeated a rising in south Brittany = execution of 700 emigres
How did Thermidorians crush hopes of religious restoration (4)
Maintained bans on religious dress, symbols, processions and bell ringing despite toleration policy
Catholic Church restricted by thermodorians + failed (2)
Religious gatherings subject to surveillance of the authorities
Ignored by clergy men = convention reintroduced oath of loyalty in February 1795
Why was royalists weakened
Thermodorians commitment to halt external conflict
How did thermodorians halt external conflict (5+)
June 1794 - Victory at Fleurus = recaptured AN
January 1795 - success against united provinces
April = Prussians left coalition + ceded the Rhine to France
July = Spain peace
Only at war with Britain and Austria = focus on internal issues
When were paris risings
1795
Problems that arose from ending maximum law (4)
Increased printing of assignats
Poor harvest 1794
Freezing winter 94-95
Inflation
Further problems LoM + assignats (4)
April 1795 - real value of assignat was a tenth of OG value
Forced factories to close
Farmers refused to sell grain
10 May = Bread ration fell to 60g a day
When was rising of germinal
1 April 1795
What - rising of germinal (3)
10,000 SC invaded convention
Demanded ‘bread and the constitution of 1793’
Demonstrators not armed or organised
Response - rising of germinal (2)
NG arrived
SC withdrew without resistance + were arrested
Response of convention to rising of germinal (4)
Placed paris under martial law
Gave city under command of general Pichegru
Arrested agitators
Sped up deportation of former Montagnards
What is martial law (2)
Ruling through the army
Usually entails suspension of civil liberties and arrest without trial
When was rising of Prairial
20/21 May
What did they do - rising of Prairial (3)
Women and men SC invaded the convention - larger than germinal
Forced way into meeting hall
Murdered a deputy - Jean Bertrand Feraud - paraded his head on a pike
What did sans culottes want - rising of Prairial (3+)
Demanded release of jacobin prisoners
Reinstatement of 1793 constitution
New controls on better supply of food in capital - convention agreed to establish a food commission
Response - rising of Prairial
Troops and muscadins drove the rebels out
Second day of rising of Prairial (3+)
20,000 SC + NG put loaded canon on convention
40,000 regular soldiers called in to disperse the crowds
No shots fired, two sides negotiated, petitions presented and SC withdrew
How did convention prevent further trouble (2)
6000 cross examined
42 NG were executed
When was rising of Vendemiarie
5 October
Why was vendemiarie rising different
Royalist rising
Why - vendemiaire (2+)
Believed the plebiscite held in September to win support for a new non monarchical constitution = rigged
Anger excited = reports Comte d’Atois (royalist) had landed of coast of Vendee
Who - vendemiaire
Demonstrations led by muscadins, factory and property owners
Response - vendemiaire (2)
The convention assembled three battalions = called on unemployed jacobin army officers who had been dismissed
What occurred - vendemiaire (2)
25000 armed Parisians marched on convention
Napoleon bonarpate permission to take command of republicans 5000-6000 troops
How was it squashed - vendemiaire (4)
5 October
Armed royalist outnumbered republicans 6 to 1
Bonaparte found 40 cannon which he fired at them
Around 300 Royalist killed
Aftermath of vendemiaire (3)
Comparatively light
Ten death sentences
Made napoleon a national hero - five months later given command of army of Italy
