Political Change Flashcards
When + what shows Napoleon wasn’t universally accepted (4+)
24 December 1800
On his way to a Gala performance a wagon full of gunpowder was set of as his carriage passed
52 killed/wounded
Several buildings destroyed
What was the plebiscite of 1800 for + what did it mean (2)
Ratification of constitution of year viii
Opportunity to show apparent concern for democratic processes
What was the voter turn out
25% = 1.5 million
What did lucien (napoleons brother) do (2)
Adjusted the statistics of pleb
Suggested 46.24% of the electorate had participated + they supported Napoleon
Lucines adjusted statics (2)
99.94% of electorate voted yes
Equivalent to just over 3 million
How did Napoleon behave like a monarch (4)
Moved to Tuileries palace
Coins minted with his effigy = wearing a laurel wreath = Roman symbol of complete authority
Selected members of the council of state = former kings did this
Enjoyed ceremonies and ‘state banquets’
What did the establishment of prefects do (2++)
Strengthened central control within existing framework
NB could claim he responded to people and countries needs = supplying strong and effective gov
What was repression by NB (2)
Way of consolidating power
Involved repression of existing opponents + critics
Jacobins - repression (2)
Spies used to infiltrate potential jacobin groups
1801 = 129 jacobin leaders arrested and deported
Jacobins plot/ conspiracies (2+)
Dagger conspiracy = failed plan to assassinate NB in October 1800
Wrongly accused of bomb plot in ‘infernal machine’ in December 1800 = acc royalists
What + when - NB response to Comte de provenance in letter (3)
September 1800
Made his position clear
‘You should not hope to return to france’
Royalist - repression (3++)
Used military tribunals to deal with rebel leaders
In Brittany = 6000 Chouan prisoners taken + 750 shot in 1800
Used police + prefects = report incidences and firmly address them
Royalist disturbances when + what (2)
Various in capital between 1800-1804
At least 2 assassination attempts against Napoleon
Spy network wiring implication (3+)
Reported that bourbon prince - duc d’Enghien was in touch with emigres + royalists
Plot hatched to kidnap
Shot in a ditch = royalist gave little trouble after this
Why were SOME liberals not supportive of NB
Saw an emerging dictatorship and wanted a constitution that confirmed freedom of speech and press
Who were specific liberals against NB (3)
Madame de Staël = respected writer
Benjamin constant = her lover
They had a salon which irritated NB
What did NB do to liberals + when (2(
1803
Ordered both be banished to a distance of 64km from Paris
What was decreed by consul of republic (3+)
17 January 1800
Minister of police (MoP) will allow publication of 13 newspapers devoted to science, literature, art etc
Newspapers which attack military glory, social order, gov = suppressed immediately
Who was the method of repression used on (3)
Jacobins
Liberals
Royalists
What was the method of reconciliation
Win over potential opponents
Example of reconciliation (3+)
Offered amnesty to rebels in west who were to lay down weapons + show support
Promised to protect the catholic religion
Rewards and posts offered to emigres + refractory priests
How did he keep support of bourgeoisie (3++)
Reassure purchasers of church land (majority being bourgeoisie)
Changes to vote = more political influence
Encouraged by pronouncements that there would be no atatempt to restore emigres or church land
What 2 policies did Napoleon speak of and what (2)
Amalgame = end social divisions of ancien regime
Ralliement = rally all around the new regime
What did military success allow (2++)
Success at piedmont in 1800 = propagandist exultation of NB military heroism
1802 = peace of Amiens with British = popular with bourgeoisie who wanted trade
What was consul for life (2)
1802 the senate offered position to Napoleon
Gave him right to name an heir
What was constitution of year X (2)
Gesture of national gratitude to NB
Issued in the interest of stability, confidence and deterring enemies
What was the constitution X accompanied by and what (3++)
Another plebiscite
50.55% (it’s said) voted
99.76% voted yes = just over 3.5 million
Establishment of emperor status - what (3+)
1804 in response to the ‘pressure of public opinion’
Wanted to found a dynasty = emperor of French
Hereditary succession for the house of bonaparte
Plebiscite of NB becoming emperor (2)
47.2% turnout
99.93 yes = 3.5million
Why didn’t he want to be known as king
Pre revolutionary associations
How was he ‘crowned’ emperor + when (4+)
2 December 1804
Norte dame cathedral
NB paid for Pope pius VII to travel to France and attend
Placed the crown on his own head - reduced to have pope do it
What steps did NB take to subvert new constitutions (2+)
Block the wishes of tribunate and leg body = senatus consultum
As senate membership increased = filled with his supporters = gave them substantial salaries and land
What did NB do when faced with critism + when - purge (4)
January - march 1802
Purged the senate
20 removed tribute
60 removed from leg body
How did he change voting qualifications (2+)
In constitution of year X
Gave more political power to well of notables whose the regime relied on
How did Napoleon consolidate power (4)
Pleb 1800
Repression
Reconciliation
Consul for life
