Legal And Admin Change Flashcards
What did condificafion mean (2)
Helped standardise law by creating written and accessible records
Opportunity to define law after revolution upheaval
When was civil code issued and then what (2)
March 1804
September 1807 it be me the ‘code Napoleon’
What did the civil code confirm (4+)
Key revolutionary chnages:
Abolition of feudalism + removal of church + noble privilege
Secularisation of state
Euqality before the law
Supported employer over employee - forbade as coalition of workers
What was much of the code concerned with + what
Male rights
Strong influence of Roman law
What male rights in civil code (2)
Father / husband = head of family
Children subordinate to father until marriage + could be imprisoned if defied him
What codes by NB combined revolution and traditional practises (4)
1806: standardise court practice
1807: guidelines for trade + business
1808: criminal procedure
1810: penal code = guideline for punishments
1808 permit what (2)
Arrest without trial = traditional
Trial by jury = revolution
1810 code determine (3)
Death penalty
Hard Labour and branding
Maximum and minimum penalties rather than fixed (ancien regime)
Administers of justice who (2)
Professional training
Served during revolutionary period
What + when special courts (3)
Established in 1801
Worked without a jury
Powers to impose death penalty
Napoleon and departments (3)
In 1799 = 102
The height of the empire = 130
The admin divisions were retained and added to
When did NB issue a law revising French admin system
February 1800
What were prefects (2)
Agents directly responsible carrying out central authority in departments
Appointed by first consul
What did NB inherit from revolutions - admin sytem (3++)
Elected councils to run local gov
No direct communication and coop with local council and central gov = failed
Local councils = lack of money to operate = inefficient
What was prefect responsible for (4)
Tax collection
Agriculture + industry
Public education
Public welfare
What were prefects to act as and do (4)
Eyes, ears and voice of central gov
Report on subversive behaviour
Spread properganda
Ensure gov orders carried out
Who were prefects - specific numbers (2+)
Of 257 = 68% had been employed in former rev gov
Majority = former nobility
What were the 5 branches of Napoleons gov
Civil admin = headed by prefects
The courts = under ministry of justice
The gendarmerie = under the war ministry
The civilian/ admin police
Tax bureau = under minister of finance
What was the gendarmerie (4)
The military police
Set up in 1791
Became an elite and efficient professional force
Made up of army veterans
What was the administrative police (3+ )
Secret police force - partly
Responsible for general surveillance
Gathered info on habitual + political troublemakers = call the gendarmerie to carry out arrests
Takes of the gendarmerie (3)
Everyday law enforcement - dealt with theft + violence etc
Put down riots and rebellions
Helped enforce conscription
Gendarmerie fail (2+)
Still some gangs of wandering labourers + urban unemployed
Could cause periodic bursts of trouble
What were gendarmerie required to be (2)
6-10 men in each community
Honest, reliable, impartial
What was the minister of police expected to do
Daily reports to Napoleon
By 1810 what did Napoleon expect of the police (3)
Not only to crush opponents
Seek out potential opponents large or small
Surveillance was constant
Minister of police Savary what (3+)
1810-1814
Between 4500 and 4700 were detained in Parisian prisons
Others exiled
