Financial + Economic Policies And Probelms Flashcards
What direct taxes (4)
Land tax = bulk of gov revenue (inherited from directory)
Tax on personal property = small amount of rev
Custom duties
Fees for reg + services
What + when increase land tax (4+)
1807 - new land register drawn up
Measure the value of land in order to recalculate land tax
Made it fairer + made farmers who increase land value pay more
Took way longer to register - only 1/5 country assessed by 1815
What replaced personal property tax (3+)
September 1803
Octroi
Towns and cities allowed a levy on consumer goods entering their admin
How was accounting of state revenue and expenditure sorted (3)
September 1807 set up a central bureau
Handle and audit state finance
Detailed accounts of income and expenditure
Did tax collection improvement help (2)
Continuous war
Any improvement was offset by cost of maintain armies + empire
Because of war what did gov rely heavily on
Indirect tax
Metal coinage (3)
March 1803
New metallic currency ets.
Only legal tender
Why + when bank of France (3)
January 1800
Provide an institution that could provide credit for gov + entrepreneurs
Produce and control a national currency of gold + silver coins
Who minister of interior
Jean - antoine chaptal
How did chaptal stabilise the economy (3)
Ets. Bureau of statistics
Ets. Council of agriculture
Ets. Chambers of commerce
What bureau of statistics
Gathered data from departments on pop. + condition of agriculture, commerce and industry
What did chaptal encouragement do + NB’s thoughts (3)
Increased mechanisation and technical innovation
Helped mass production of consumer goods
However - Napoleon more interested in production of luxury goods
Minister of interior Montralivet (1811-1812) figures (3+)
Industrial advancement
Wool industry increased its yield by 400%
Exported silks rose in value from 26m francs to 64m francs from 1790 to 1812
Why + what gov encourage growth of replacement crops (3+)
Cotton, coffee, tobacco, sugar
Avoid dependence on colonial production which was halted by war
Prefects ordered to ensure certain amount of land put aside for these
January 1813 = import of sugar cane was prohibited to stimulate the home sugar-beet industry
What picture did Montalivret give of agriculture (2)
France prospered so much that in 1812 it could export butter, cheese and veg oil
All of these had been imported FP before the revolution
What did war mean for France (3)
Stimulated production of military supplies
Expense = peacetime industry and investment
Labour lost to army = reduced internal demand
How did Napoleon pay for war (5)
Tightening tax
Conscripted soldiers at low wages
Took out loans
Sold land
Conquer territories
What did Napoleon sell (3+)
Louisiana (USA)
In 1803 sold it to USA to help finance invasion of England
Received 50milion francs in US bonds and gold = cancelled 18million francs of debt
Where did trade move (2)
Towards French allies and conquered territories in Continental Europe
Where was effected worse by move in trade - British blockade
West of France = Le harve
Trade passing through Marseilles reduced
When British blockade
1793 = British goods prohibited from entering French territories
When + what did Napoleon do taking the trade block further
1806-1807
Introduced a continteal blockade = Continental system
What was Continental sytem (3+)
Banned all French trade with Britain
Insisted Frances allies and neutral countries follow suit or be treated as French enemies
Created economic warfare
Why Continental system (4+)
Weaken Britain by closing European market
Force it into peace
France would get back it’s Atlantic trade
Increase French trade and production = fill the gap left by britains inability to trade with Continental Europe
Continental sytem success?
No
Why Continental sytem fail (3+)
French navy + Napoleon hold on coastlines = not strong enough
Smuggling thrived
Officials responsible for enforcing system indulged in illegal practices = contraband
What did British counter action do (2)
Affected French producers
Deprived of much needed raw materials
Where did the Continental block help (2+)
Alsace and Strasbourg
Developed trade with Germany, Italy and Eastern Europe
What factors limited degree of economic change (4+)
Low demand = heavy tax and pop tied to farming
Industrial work = unattractive
JUST war based industry
Farms = small and unprofitable
Why industrial work unattractive (3)
Workers restrained by livret
Ban on trade unions
Living conditions in towns and cities = poor
How did they address expenditure outstripping income (2)
1806
Taxes were raised
Poor harvest when
1809
By 1810 what (4)
Severe debt
Inflation
Rising unemployment
Collapse of banks and business
