Financial + Economic Policies And Probelms Flashcards

1
Q

What direct taxes (4)

A

Land tax = bulk of gov revenue (inherited from directory)
Tax on personal property = small amount of rev
Custom duties
Fees for reg + services

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2
Q

What + when increase land tax (4+)

A

1807 - new land register drawn up
Measure the value of land in order to recalculate land tax
Made it fairer + made farmers who increase land value pay more
Took way longer to register - only 1/5 country assessed by 1815

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3
Q

What replaced personal property tax (3+)

A

September 1803
Octroi
Towns and cities allowed a levy on consumer goods entering their admin

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4
Q

How was accounting of state revenue and expenditure sorted (3)

A

September 1807 set up a central bureau
Handle and audit state finance
Detailed accounts of income and expenditure

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5
Q

Did tax collection improvement help (2)

A

Continuous war
Any improvement was offset by cost of maintain armies + empire

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6
Q

Because of war what did gov rely heavily on

A

Indirect tax

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7
Q

Metal coinage (3)

A

March 1803
New metallic currency ets.
Only legal tender

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8
Q

Why + when bank of France (3)

A

January 1800
Provide an institution that could provide credit for gov + entrepreneurs
Produce and control a national currency of gold + silver coins

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9
Q

Who minister of interior

A

Jean - antoine chaptal

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10
Q

How did chaptal stabilise the economy (3)

A

Ets. Bureau of statistics
Ets. Council of agriculture
Ets. Chambers of commerce

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11
Q

What bureau of statistics

A

Gathered data from departments on pop. + condition of agriculture, commerce and industry

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12
Q

What did chaptal encouragement do + NBโ€™s thoughts (3)

A

Increased mechanisation and technical innovation
Helped mass production of consumer goods
However - Napoleon more interested in production of luxury goods

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13
Q

Minister of interior Montralivet (1811-1812) figures (3+)

A

Industrial advancement
Wool industry increased its yield by 400%
Exported silks rose in value from 26m francs to 64m francs from 1790 to 1812

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14
Q

Why + what gov encourage growth of replacement crops (3+)

A

Cotton, coffee, tobacco, sugar
Avoid dependence on colonial production which was halted by war
Prefects ordered to ensure certain amount of land put aside for these
January 1813 = import of sugar cane was prohibited to stimulate the home sugar-beet industry

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15
Q

What picture did Montalivret give of agriculture (2)

A

France prospered so much that in 1812 it could export butter, cheese and veg oil
All of these had been imported FP before the revolution

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16
Q

What did war mean for France (3)

A

Stimulated production of military supplies
Expense = peacetime industry and investment
Labour lost to army = reduced internal demand

17
Q

How did Napoleon pay for war (5)

A

Tightening tax
Conscripted soldiers at low wages
Took out loans
Sold land
Conquer territories

18
Q

What did Napoleon sell (3+)

A

Louisiana (USA)
In 1803 sold it to USA to help finance invasion of England
Received 50milion francs in US bonds and gold = cancelled 18million francs of debt

19
Q

Where did trade move (2)

A

Towards French allies and conquered territories in Continental Europe

20
Q

Where was effected worse by move in trade - British blockade

A

West of France = Le harve
Trade passing through Marseilles reduced

21
Q

When British blockade

A

1793 = British goods prohibited from entering French territories

22
Q

When + what did Napoleon do taking the trade block further

A

1806-1807
Introduced a continteal blockade = Continental system

23
Q

What was Continental sytem (3+)

A

Banned all French trade with Britain
Insisted Frances allies and neutral countries follow suit or be treated as French enemies
Created economic warfare

24
Q

Why Continental system (4+)

A

Weaken Britain by closing European market
Force it into peace
France would get back itโ€™s Atlantic trade
Increase French trade and production = fill the gap left by britains inability to trade with Continental Europe

25
Q

Continental sytem success?

A

No

26
Q

Why Continental sytem fail (3+)

A

French navy + Napoleon hold on coastlines = not strong enough
Smuggling thrived
Officials responsible for enforcing system indulged in illegal practices = contraband

27
Q

What did British counter action do (2)

A

Affected French producers
Deprived of much needed raw materials

28
Q

Where did the Continental block help (2+)

A

Alsace and Strasbourg
Developed trade with Germany, Italy and Eastern Europe

29
Q

What factors limited degree of economic change (4+)

A

Low demand = heavy tax and pop tied to farming
Industrial work = unattractive
JUST war based industry
Farms = small and unprofitable

30
Q

Why industrial work unattractive (3)

A

Workers restrained by livret
Ban on trade unions
Living conditions in towns and cities = poor

31
Q

How did they address expenditure outstripping income (2)

A

1806
Taxes were raised

32
Q

Poor harvest when

A

1809

33
Q

By 1810 what (4)

A

Severe debt
Inflation
Rising unemployment
Collapse of banks and business