the environment and its effect on health: topography and geographical location Flashcards
How does the topography of an area influence disease spread?
Low-lying areas, such as floodplains and valleys, are prone to water-borne diseases due to poor drainage and stagnant water. Unlike steep areas where precipitation can run off, low-lying areas remain over-saturated, which increases the risk of diseases associated with mould or contaminated water.
Why are floodplains particularly vulnerable to water-borne diseases?
Floodplains are consistently flooded and oversaturated, creating conditions for stagnant water, which facilitates the spread of water-borne diseases.
How does sunlight exposure influence disease?
Both too much and too little sunlight can cause diseases. Lack of sunlight can lead to vitamin D deficiency, causing bone pain, muscle weakness, and diseases like rickets. Overexposure to sunlight increases the risk of skin cancers due to UV radiation.
Which geographical locations are most affected by vitamin D deficiencies?
Populations in areas with low sunlight exposure, such as Aboriginal Arctic populations, are severely affected by vitamin D deficiencies and related diseases.
What is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), and how does it relate to geography?
SAD is a condition linked to low daylight hours in winter months. It is more prevalent in areas that experience significant reductions in sunlight during winter.
What geographical factors increase the risk of skin cancer?
Areas with intense UV radiation, such as those with higher altitudes or specific latitudes like Australia, have higher rates of skin cancer. Australia’s proximity to the hole in the ozone layer further increases UV exposure.
Why does Australia have the highest rates of skin cancer in the world?
Australia’s high rates of skin cancer are due to its intense UV exposure, influenced by its latitude and its proximity to the hole in the ozone layer.
