demographic transition model DTM Flashcards
What does the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) represent?
The DTM represents trends of natural population change over time, showing how birth rates and death rates change and affect population numbers.
What are the five stages of the DTM?
Stage 1: High fluctuating birth and death rates
Stage 2: Declining death rates, high birth rates
Stage 3: Declining birth rates
Stage 4: Low birth and death rates
Stage 5: Birth rates fall below death rates (proposed stage)
Why are birth rates and death rates high in Stage 1?
Due to high levels of disease, pestilence, famine, and virtually non-existent birth control.
Why is the population constant and low in Stage 1?
Birth rates do not exceed the equally high death rates.
What is the population dependent on in Stage 1?
Food supply, which makes it vulnerable to disasters like droughts.
Which populations are still in Stage 1?
Very few, mostly some tribal communities.
What characterizes Stage 2 of the DTM?
A fall in death rates due to societal developments while birth rates remain high, leading to rapid population growth.
What societal changes lead to declining death rates in Stage 2?
Advancements in healthcare, hygiene, food security, and living standards.
Name examples of countries in Stage 2.
Angola, Yemen, Afghanistan, Iraq, and many Sub-Saharan African countries.
What societal changes occur in Stage 3 to lower birth rates?
Emancipation of women
Availability of contraception
Reduced need for large families
Education and changes in societal values
Why does the reduced need for large families lower birth rates in Stage 3?
There is less reliance on children for labour due to industrialization and urbanization, and lower child mortality rates reduce the need for many children.
What is the role of women’s rights in Stage 3?
Women’s emancipation allows them to work, choose whether to have children, and access contraception, reducing birth rates.
Name examples of countries in Stage 3.
Mexico and India.
What happens to population growth in Stage 4?
Population growth slows but remains overall positive.
Which countries are typically in Stage 4?
HICs UK
