The effects of smoking

Question 1

nicotine

Answer 1

addictive substance that leads to more smoking and makes it extremely difficult
to stop.

Question 2

effects of nicotine

Answer 2

also toxic; continued
inhalation decreases appetite, increases heart
rate and blood pressure, and increases the risk of a stroke and osteoporosis

Question 3

Reduced oxygen carrying capacity of the blood

Carbon monoxide

Answer 3

combines more readily with
haemoglobin than oxygen does which reduces
the amount of oxygen carried to body cells.

This reduces respiration and the smoker’s
ability to exercise. In a pregnant woman,
it deprives the foetus of oxygen, reducing growth and development.

Question 4

tar

Answer 4

lung cancer

Question 5

arsenic

Answer 5

Smoking makes it harder for your body to get rid of arsenic before it damages your cells. Arsenic exposure and smoking can increase your risk of lung, kidney and bladder cancer, and heart disease.

Question 6

A persistent cough

Answer 6

Cigarette smoke causes mucus production to increase and thecilia to stop beating. Persistent coughing occurs to try and remove the extra mucus.

Question 7

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 7

Chronic bronchitis develops when cigarette smoke irritates and inflames the walls of the bronchiand bronchioles. This, together with the increased mucus production, causes the airways to become obstructed making breathing difficult.

Question 8

Emphysema

Answer 8

develops when cigarette smoke causes the walls of the alveoli to become less elastic and the walls between the alveoli to breakdown which decreases their surface area. This reduces gaseous exchange, makes exhaling difficult and causes air to remain trapped in the lungs. Thebronchioles often collapse when exhaling, obstructing the airways, making exhaling even harder.

Question 9

Cancer of the mouth, throat, oesophagus or lungs

Answer 9

Tar and about 60 other chemicals in cigarette smoke are carcinogenic. These cause cancerous tumours to develop in the respiratory system which replace normal, healthy tissue.

Question 10

copd

Answer 10

Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are two types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD.

Question 11

Marijuana

Answer 11

Marijuana is one of the
most widely used illegal
drugs in the world. It is
usually smoked and longterm use can lead to similar
health problems as tobacco
smokers, mainly:
* Lung cancer.
* Marijuana addiction.
* A persistent cough.
* Bronchitis

Question 12

nictone gum or lozenges

Answer 12

One piece of 2 mg gum is about equal to one cigarette. The 4 mg is about equal to 2 cigarettes. — A 2 mg lozenge is about equal to 1 ½ cigarettes. The 4 mg lozenge is about equal to 3 cigarettes.

ADDICTION

Light-headedness, nausea/vomiting, throat irritation