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Biology Units 1 & 2 Study > The Digestive System > Flashcards

The Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

The breaking down of food by physical means

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2
Q

What is an example of mechanical digestion?

A

Chewing

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3
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

The breaking down of food using chemical agents

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4
Q

What is an example of chemical digestion?

A

Enzymes and bile

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5
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions

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6
Q

What is absorption?

A

The process by which nutrients pass through the walls of the digestive system into the blood

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7
Q

Which occurs in the mouth: chemical digestion, mechanical digestion or both

A

Both

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8
Q

What enzyme is found in saliva?

A

Amylase

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9
Q

Where is amylase found?

A

Saliva (mouth) and pancreas

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10
Q

What does amylase do?

A

Breaks down starch

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11
Q

What does the swallowed food from the mouth become?

A

Bolus

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12
Q

What digestion occurs in the oesophagus?

A

No digestion

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13
Q

What is the function of the oesophagus?

A

To move bolus from the mouth to stomach

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14
Q

Which occurs in the stomach: chemical digestion, mechanical digestion or both

A

Both

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15
Q

How does mechanical digestion occur in the stomach?

A

The muscles in the stomach walls churn the bolus.

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16
Q

How does chemical digestion occur in the stomach?

A

Digestive enzymes (pepsin) and gastric acids mix with the bolus

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17
Q

What is the form of the food created in the stomach?

A

Chyme, which is a liquid

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18
Q

Where is pepsin found?

A

Stomach

19
Q

What enzyme is found in the stomach?

A

Pepsin

20
Q

What does pepsin do?

A

Breaks down proteins

21
Q

Where is bile made?

A

Liver

22
Q

Where is bile released?

A

Gall bladder

23
Q

What does bile do?

A

Helps digest fats

24
Q

Where does bile get released to?

A

The small intestine

25
Q

What is combined with chyme to start the final part of digestion?

A

Enzymes from the pancreas and intestinal walls

26
Q

How is nutrients absorbed in the small intestine?

A

Through its walls

27
Q

What is left after chyme exits the small intestine?

A

Water and undigestible substances

28
Q

What happens in the large intestine?

A

Water is reabsorbed and faeces is formed

29
Q

What are the 4 accessory organs?

A

Salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

30
Q

What do the salivary glands do?

A

Moisten the food and and begin the chemical digestion of starches (amylase)

31
Q

What does the liver do?

A

Creates bile for fat digestion, processes absorbed vitamins

32
Q

What does the gall bladder do?

A

Stores and realeased the bile formed in the liver

33
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

Secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum. Also makes insulin

34
Q

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine in order?

A

Duodenum, jejunum annd ileum

35
Q

What are some of the enzymes released by the pancreas?

A

Amylase, Trypsin and Lipase

36
Q

What does hydrochloric acid do in the stomach?

A

Denatures proteins and converts pepsinogen into pepsin

37
Q

What does pepsin do?

A

Breaks down proteins

38
Q

What does lipase do?

A

Breaks down lipids

39
Q

What does trypsin do?

A

Breaks down proteins

40
Q

Where is trypsin in the body?

A

Small intestine

41
Q

Where is lipase in the body?

A

Stomach

42
Q

Explain the role of hydrochloric acid on the function of pepsin

A

It creates a pH environment required for pepsinogen to convert it into pepsin. It is also the optimum pH for it to work efficiently

43
Q

What does the involvement of hydrochloric acid tell you about the optimum pH of pepsin?

A

The optimum pH of pepsin is low (acidic)

44
Q

What happens to an enzyme when it is denatured?

A

It changes shape, so the active site is not longer able to bind with a substrate.

Biology Units 1 & 2 Study (19 decks)

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