Cells Flashcards
What are the three parts of the “cell theory”?
- Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of life
- All cells come from pre-existing cells
- All living organisms are made up of one kr more cells
Differences and similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
PROKARYOTIC
- DNA floats freely
- No membrane-bound organelles
- Small and simple
- Bacteria
- Unicellular
BOTH
- Cell membrane and/or cell wall
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosomes
EUKARYOTIC
- DNA in nucleus
- Membrane-bound organelles
- Large and complex
- Plants and animals
- Multicellular
What are the common properties of all cells?
- Have a cell membrane and/or wall
- Have a cytoplasm
- Have ribosomes
- Have DNA
Nucleus Function
Contains most of the cells genetic material, which regulates the activities of the cell
Is the Nucleus found in animals, plants or both?
Both
Ribosome Function
Synthesis of proteins
Are ribosomes found in animals, plants or both?
Both
Function of Rough ER
Folding and modification of proteins
Function of Smooth ER
Synthesis and modification of lipids
Are smooth and rough ER found in animals, plants or both?
Both
What does ER stand for?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Function of Cytoplasm
Site of cellular activities and chemical reactions
Is cytoplasm found in animals, plants or both?
Both
What is the liquid found in the cytoplasm called?
Cytosol
What is cytosol?
The liquid found in the cytoplasm
Where is ER located?
Around the nucleus
Function of vacuole
Store water, minerals and ions, give plant cells rigid shapes
Are vacuoles for in animals, plants or both?
Both but, in plants they are larger and have a different function
Function of lysosome
Break down old cells and organelles
Are lysosomes found in animals, plants or both?
Both
Where are lysosomes formed?
Golgi Apparatus
Function of Golgi Apparatus
Packaging and transport of molecules through cells in vesticles
Are golgi apparatus found in animals, plants or both?
Both
Function of the cell membrance
Creates a barrier around the cell to control what enters and exits the cell
Is the cell membrane found in animals, plants or both?
Both
Function of the cell wall
To protect the cell, maintain cell shape and prevent excessive water uptake
Is the cell wall found in animals, plants or both?
Plants
Function of mitochondria
The site of cellular respiration (makes energy)
Are mitochondria in animals, plants or both?
Both
Function of chloroplast
Site of photosynthesis (uses the sun to make glucose/sugar)
Are chloroplast found in animals, plants or both?
Plants
Explain how the golgi, ER and ribosomes work together within a cell
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. They work with the rough ER as this is where synthesised proteins are modified and transported in a cell. If synthesised proteins need to be packaged into a vesticle to be transported within or out of the cell, this occurs in the golgi.
Describe prokaryotic cells
- Simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells
- Lack membrane bound organelles
- DNA is not in a nucleus
Example of a prokaryote
Bacteria
Example of a eukaryote
Animal, plant
Describe eukaryotic cells
Complex, large and have membrane bound organelles
Function of vesicles
Transport cell products to cell membrane
Why do plants need a cell wall and larger vacuole, but not animals?
Because plants need a cell wall and large vacuole to form the shape of organism. Animals have bones which form their shape
What is the function of the nucleolus?
Synthesis of ribosomal RNA and assembly of ribosomal subunits
