Cell Cycle Flashcards
What is interphase?
Growth and preparation for mitosis, this is during most of its lifetime
Description of growth 1?
Cell grows and carries out regular cell functions most of the time
Description of synthesis during interphase?
Duplication of DNA
Description of Growth 2?
Growth and preparation for cell division
Describe prophase in mitosis
Centrioles move to opposite poles, chromosomes become visible (coil up and thicken)
Description of metaphase
Centrioles form spindle fibres which push the chromosomes to line up in the middle of the cell
Description of anaphase
Spindle fibres pull the chromosomes towards poles, centromere splits, each new cell receives one chromatid from each chromosome
Description of telophase
Chromatids reach poles and nuclear envelope reforms, chromatids begin to uncoil and become less distinct
Describe mitosis
Reproduction of cells asexually in eukaryotes, creates two daughter cells
Describe cytokinesis
Cytoplasmic division (cytoplasm dividing), simultaneous to telophase
What stage of the cell cycle does duplication of DNA occur?
Synthesis
What are the two stages of cell cycle where growth and preparation of mitosis occurs?
Growth 1 and Growth 2
What stage of mitosis do the centrioles move to opposite poles?
Prophase
What stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle?
Metaphase
What phase of mitosis does the spindle fibres attach to the chromosomes?
Anaphase
What phase of mitosis does the centromere split?
Anaphase
What phase of mitosis do the chromatids reach poles occur?
Telophase
What is the order of steps for mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What is the purpose of the Growth 1 checkpoint in the cell cycle?
To check for DNA damage, nutrients sufficiency, cell size and growth patterns
What can go wrong if the Growth 1 checkpoint of the cell cycle fails?
The cell cycle will stop while DNA damage is repaired or nutrients are imported
What is the purpose of the Growth 2 checkpoint of the cell cycle?
To check for DNA damage and to make sure the cell size is big enough for division
What is the purpose of the mitosis cell cycle check point?
To check the spindles for chromosome attachment defects in between metaphase and anaphase
What can go wrong if the Growth 2 checkpoint of the cell cycle fails?
Cancer or tumors
What can go wrong if the mitosis checkpoint of the cell cycle fails?
Non-disjunction, which results in aneuploidy cells
What is the cell cycle?
The sequence of events that takes place from one cell division to another
What is the G0 phase?
Cells don’t undergo division and stay the same, specialised cells like nerve cells
What do centrioles do during mitosis?
They combine with another centriole to make a centrosome. The centrosome is where the spindles extend to attach to a chromosome
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death
What happens if a cell refuses to undergo apoptosis?
It will create a tumour that your body can not tell to die
Why is apoptosis good?
It prevents the body from having too many cells, and allows the body to develop properly as a fetus
