Cell Cycle

Question 1

What is interphase?

Answer 1

Growth and preparation for mitosis, this is during most of its lifetime

Question 2

Description of growth 1?

Answer 2

Cell grows and carries out regular cell functions most of the time

Question 3

Description of synthesis during interphase?

Answer 3

Duplication of DNA

Question 4

Description of Growth 2?

Answer 4

Growth and preparation for cell division

Question 5

Describe prophase in mitosis

Answer 5

Centrioles move to opposite poles, chromosomes become visible (coil up and thicken)

Question 6

Description of metaphase

Answer 6

Centrioles form spindle fibres which push the chromosomes to line up in the middle of the cell

Question 7

Description of anaphase

Answer 7

Spindle fibres pull the chromosomes towards poles, centromere splits, each new cell receives one chromatid from each chromosome

Question 8

Description of telophase

Answer 8

Chromatids reach poles and nuclear envelope reforms, chromatids begin to uncoil and become less distinct

Question 9

Describe mitosis

Answer 9

Reproduction of cells asexually in eukaryotes, creates two daughter cells

Question 10

Describe cytokinesis

Answer 10

Cytoplasmic division (cytoplasm dividing), simultaneous to telophase

Question 11

What stage of the cell cycle does duplication of DNA occur?

Answer 11

Synthesis

Question 12

What are the two stages of cell cycle where growth and preparation of mitosis occurs?

Answer 12

Growth 1 and Growth 2

Question 13

What stage of mitosis do the centrioles move to opposite poles?

Answer 13

Prophase

Question 14

What stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle?

Answer 14

Metaphase

Question 15

What phase of mitosis does the spindle fibres attach to the chromosomes?

Answer 15

Anaphase

Question 16

What phase of mitosis does the centromere split?

Answer 16

Anaphase

Question 17

What phase of mitosis do the chromatids reach poles occur?

Answer 17

Telophase

Question 18

What is the order of steps for mitosis?

Answer 18

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 19

What is the purpose of the Growth 1 checkpoint in the cell cycle?

Answer 19

To check for DNA damage, nutrients sufficiency, cell size and growth patterns

Question 20

What can go wrong if the Growth 1 checkpoint of the cell cycle fails?

Answer 20

The cell cycle will stop while DNA damage is repaired or nutrients are imported

Question 21

What is the purpose of the Growth 2 checkpoint of the cell cycle?

Answer 21

To check for DNA damage and to make sure the cell size is big enough for division

Question 22

What is the purpose of the mitosis cell cycle check point?

Answer 22

To check the spindles for chromosome attachment defects in between metaphase and anaphase

Question 23

What can go wrong if the Growth 2 checkpoint of the cell cycle fails?

Answer 23

Cancer or tumors

Question 24

What can go wrong if the mitosis checkpoint of the cell cycle fails?

Answer 24

Non-disjunction, which results in aneuploidy cells

Question 25

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 25

The sequence of events that takes place from one cell division to another

Question 26

What is the G0 phase?

Answer 26

Cells don’t undergo division and stay the same, specialised cells like nerve cells

Question 27

What do centrioles do during mitosis?

Answer 27

They combine with another centriole to make a centrosome. The centrosome is where the spindles extend to attach to a chromosome

Question 28

What is apoptosis?

Answer 28

Programmed cell death

Question 29

What happens if a cell refuses to undergo apoptosis?

Answer 29

It will create a tumour that your body can not tell to die

Question 30

Why is apoptosis good?

Answer 30

It prevents the body from having too many cells, and allows the body to develop properly as a fetus