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Biology Units 1 & 2 Study > Cells at work > Flashcards

Cells at work Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain “surface area to volume ratio”

A
  • Ratio decreases as size increases and shape becomes more spherical
  • Ratio increases when flattened/elongated
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2
Q

what does SA:V stand for?

A

Surface area to volume ratio

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3
Q

Explain the importance of SA:V in living things

A

To have efficiency moving waste, nutrition, etc. in and out of the cell.

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4
Q

ATP stands for

A

Adenine tri phosphate

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5
Q

What is ATP?

A

A quick source of energy - only takes one step to break it down and release energy

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6
Q

Chemical equation for cellular respiration (chemical)

A

C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 ———> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 34 ATP

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7
Q

Word equation for cellular respiration

A

Glucose + Oxygen ———> Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP

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8
Q

Plants are autotrophs. What does autotrophs mean?

A

They are unable to consume food/glucose, so they make their own

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9
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

Using radiant energy from the sun to produce chemical energy in the form of glucose

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10
Q

Chemical equation for photosynthesis

A

6 CO2 + 6 H2O ———> C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2

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11
Q

Why is photosynthesis important to plants?

A

Plants would die without photosynthesis, its their only way to receive the nutrients they need

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12
Q

Why is photosynthesis important to animals?

A

Some animal species rely on vegetation in their diet, so an absence of this would mean they are unable to get the nutrients they need

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13
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur?

A

Chloroplast

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14
Q

What happens in the first stage of photosynthesis? (Light dependent)

A

Water splits and hydrogen & oxygen are produced

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15
Q

Where does the light dependent stage of photosynthesis occur?

A

Granum

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16
Q

What happens in the second stage of photosynthesis? (light independent)

A

CO2 is trapped and combine with hydrogen to make glucose

17
Q

Where does the light independent stage of photosynthesis occur?

A

Stroma

18
Q

Why do cells need energy?

A

Active transport, Building molecules

19
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

Cytosol

20
Q

What is the number of ATP produced in glycolysis?

A

2 ATP

21
Q

Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Anaerobic

22
Q

Where does cellular respiration occur?

A

Mitochondria

23
Q

What is the number of ATP produced in cellular respiration?

A

32 ATP

24
Q

Is cellular respiration anaerobic or aerobic?

A

Can be either

25
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

Creating ATP from glucose

26
Q

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?

A

The outputs of photosynthesis are used as the inputs of cellular respiration

27
Q

Explain the role of energy carriers ATP NADPH in photosynthesis

A

They power the Calvin cycle. They are generated in the light reactions and release energy when their bonds are broken in the Calvin cycle

28
Q

What are the inputs of photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide and water

29
Q

What are the outputs of photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen and glucose

30
Q

What is the glucose used for after photosynthesis?

A

Used in cellular respiration or stored in the sinks (fruit)

31
Q

What steps are in aerobic respiration?

A

Glycolysis and Krebs cycle

32
Q

What are the steps in anaerobic respiration?

A

Glycolysis

33
Q

What is produced in anaerobic respiration of animals?

A

Lactic acid

34
Q

What is produced in anaerobic respiration of plants/yeast?

A

Ethanol and carbon dioxide

35
Q

What is a heterotroph?

A

An organism that can consume food/glucose

36
Q

Compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration

A

Both processes involve an energy-rich substance as the output. The difference is that the product of photosynthesis is the reactant of cellular respiration

37
Q

What happens after glycolysis if there is no oxygen present?

A

The two pyruvate molecules stay in the cytosol, but need to be disposed. They break down further due to fermentation to create lactic acid in animals, alcohol and carbon dioxide in plants

Biology Units 1 & 2 Study (19 decks)

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