Cells at work Flashcards
Explain “surface area to volume ratio”
- Ratio decreases as size increases and shape becomes more spherical
- Ratio increases when flattened/elongated
what does SA:V stand for?
Surface area to volume ratio
Explain the importance of SA:V in living things
To have efficiency moving waste, nutrition, etc. in and out of the cell.
ATP stands for
Adenine tri phosphate
What is ATP?
A quick source of energy - only takes one step to break it down and release energy
Chemical equation for cellular respiration (chemical)
C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 ———> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 34 ATP
Word equation for cellular respiration
Glucose + Oxygen ———> Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP
Plants are autotrophs. What does autotrophs mean?
They are unable to consume food/glucose, so they make their own
What is photosynthesis?
Using radiant energy from the sun to produce chemical energy in the form of glucose
Chemical equation for photosynthesis
6 CO2 + 6 H2O ———> C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2
Why is photosynthesis important to plants?
Plants would die without photosynthesis, its their only way to receive the nutrients they need
Why is photosynthesis important to animals?
Some animal species rely on vegetation in their diet, so an absence of this would mean they are unable to get the nutrients they need
Where does photosynthesis occur?
Chloroplast
What happens in the first stage of photosynthesis? (Light dependent)
Water splits and hydrogen & oxygen are produced
Where does the light dependent stage of photosynthesis occur?
Granum
What happens in the second stage of photosynthesis? (light independent)
CO2 is trapped and combine with hydrogen to make glucose
Where does the light independent stage of photosynthesis occur?
Stroma
Why do cells need energy?
Active transport, Building molecules
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytosol
What is the number of ATP produced in glycolysis?
2 ATP
Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic?
Anaerobic
Where does cellular respiration occur?
Mitochondria
What is the number of ATP produced in cellular respiration?
32 ATP
Is cellular respiration anaerobic or aerobic?
Can be either
What is cellular respiration?
Creating ATP from glucose
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
The outputs of photosynthesis are used as the inputs of cellular respiration
Explain the role of energy carriers ATP NADPH in photosynthesis
They power the Calvin cycle. They are generated in the light reactions and release energy when their bonds are broken in the Calvin cycle
What are the inputs of photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide and water
What are the outputs of photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
What is the glucose used for after photosynthesis?
Used in cellular respiration or stored in the sinks (fruit)
What steps are in aerobic respiration?
Glycolysis and Krebs cycle
What are the steps in anaerobic respiration?
Glycolysis
What is produced in anaerobic respiration of animals?
Lactic acid
What is produced in anaerobic respiration of plants/yeast?
Ethanol and carbon dioxide
What is a heterotroph?
An organism that can consume food/glucose
Compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Both processes involve an energy-rich substance as the output. The difference is that the product of photosynthesis is the reactant of cellular respiration
What happens after glycolysis if there is no oxygen present?
The two pyruvate molecules stay in the cytosol, but need to be disposed. They break down further due to fermentation to create lactic acid in animals, alcohol and carbon dioxide in plants
