the defence system

Question 1

immunity

Answer 1

the ability of the body to resist infection

Question 2

pathogen

Answer 2

a disease causing organism

Question 3

general defence system

Answer 3

acts as a barrier to all pathogens attempting to gain entry to the human body

Question 4

specific defence system

Answer 4

attacks particular pathogens by producing antibodies or killing infected cells

Question 5

skin

Answer 5

provides structural barrier to infection

Question 6

clotting

Answer 6

prevents entry of further pathogens

Question 7

lysozyme

Answer 7

enzyme that attacks and dissolves the cell walls of many bacteria

Question 8

sebaceous glands

Answer 8

produce sebum which contains chemicals that kill bacteria

Question 9

mucus

Answer 9

traps pathogens and prevents them from entering the body

Question 10

cilia

Answer 10

creates a current which moves mucus back up the respiratory system so its swallowed into stomach

Question 11

acid

Answer 11

hydrochloric acid kills many pathogens

Question 12

beneficial bacteria

Answer 12

bacteria in the vagina produces lactic acid which prevents growth of pathogens

Question 13

phagocytes

Answer 13

are attracted by a chemical released by cells when invaded. the phagocytes then engulf and digest the bacteria

Question 14

macrophages

Answer 14

larger phagocytes that can remain in the spleen, lymph nodes etc or can scavenge for pathogens

Question 15

complement

Answer 15

set of 20 proteins found in blood plasma that are activated by infection and destroy viruses and micro organisms

Question 16

interferons

Answer 16

set of defence proteins that limit the spread of viruses and bacteria etc.

Question 17

inflammation

Answer 17

when cells are infected they secrete a chemical which widens capillaries making them more porous. This causes localised swelling, pain, redness, fever etc.

Question 18

antigen

Answer 18

a foreign molecule that stimulates the production of antibodies

Question 19

antibody

Answer 19

a protein produced by white blood cells in response to a specific antigen

Question 20

induced immunity

Answer 20

ability to resist disease caused by specific pathogens by the production of antibodies

Question 21

active immunity

Answer 21

involved production of a persons own antibodies in response to foreign antigens that enter the body

Question 22

natural active immunity

Answer 22

occur when a pathogen enters the body in the normal way for example an infection

Question 23

passive immunity

Answer 23

when individual are given antibodies that were formed by another organism

Question 24

natural passive immunity

Answer 24

occurs when a child gets antibodies from its mother

Question 25

artificial passive immunity

Answer 25

when a person is given an injection containing antibodies made by another organism

Question 26

vaccination

Answer 26

the administration of a non disease causing dose of a pathogen to stimulate the production of antibodies

Question 27

immunisation

Answer 27

when we produce or are injected with antibodies against a pathogen

Question 28

plasma b cells

Answer 28

produce antibodies

Question 29

memory b cells

Answer 29

survive for years after the infection is eliminated and can make the specific antibody if the same infection later enters the body

Question 30

helper t cells

Answer 30

stimulate b cells and killer t cells

Question 31

killer t cells

Answer 31

destroy abnormal cells

Question 32

memory t cells

Answer 32

if the same pathogen re enters body these stimulate the memory b cells and killer t cells

Question 33

suppressor t cells

Answer 33

these inhibit the immune system after infection is over i.e. killer t ,plasma b etc