monera

Question 1

micro organism

Answer 1

small living things

Question 2

microbiology

Answer 2

study of living things

Question 3

capsule

Answer 3

further protection

Question 4

plasmid

Answer 4

dna loop that contains genes responsible for bacterial resistance to antibiotics

Question 5

chromosome

Answer 5

strand of dna

Question 6

cytoplasm

Answer 6

gel material surrounding chromosome and ribosomes

Question 7

flagella

Answer 7

allows movement

Question 8

name the three round bacteria

Answer 8

pneumonia sore throat and food poisoning

Question 9

name the three rod bacteria

Answer 9

tuberculosis tetanus and botulism

Question 10

name the three spiral bacteria

Answer 10

syphilis and cholera

Question 11

how do bacteria reproduce and describe the process

Answer 11

binary fission causes the chromosome to replicate and the cell elongates with one dna on either end and finally it splits into two cells

Question 12

how do bacteria become antibiotic resistance

Answer 12

if a new variation is produced by a mutation it can be passed onto a large number of bacteria.

Question 13

how do endospores form

Answer 13

when a chromosome replicates one of the strands becomes enclosed in a tough walled endospore in the parent cell. As the parent cell breaks down the endospore can remain dormant and can break down allowing the chromosome to replicate as normal

Question 14

autotrophic

Answer 14

an organism makes its own food

Question 15

chemosynthesis

Answer 15

production of food using energy released from chemical reactions

Question 16

give an example of a bacteria that uses photosynthesis and chemosynthesis

Answer 16

purple sulfur bacteria and nitrifying bacteria

Question 17

heterotrophic

Answer 17

an organism can take in food made by other organisms

Question 18

saprophytes

Answer 18

organisms that take in food from dead organic matter

Question 19

parasites

Answer 19

organisms that take in food from a live host and usually cause harm

Question 20

name a parasitic and saprophytic bacteria

Answer 20

bacteria of decay and pneumonia

Question 21

how does temperature affect the growth of the bacteria

Answer 21

most bacterias grow well at a round 20 to 30 degrees lower temperatures can slow the growth

Question 22

aerobic bacteria

Answer 22

bacteria that need oxygen to respire and an example is streptococcus

Question 23

anaerobic bacteria

Answer 23

bacteria that doesnt need oxygen to respire an example is clostridium

Question 24

facultative anaerobes

Answer 24

can respire with or without oxygen examples include escherichia coli

Question 25

obligate anaerobes

Answer 25

cannot respire in the presence of oxygen exmples include clostridium tetani

Question 26

how does ph affect the growth of bacteria

Answer 26

bacterial enzymes are designed t work at specific ph values normally 7 however some can tolerate both high and low ph values

Question 27

how does the external solute concentration affect the growth of bacteria

Answer 27

if the external solution has a higher solute concentration then water will move out causing possible dehydration if the internal solution has a higher solute concentration the water will move in but the cell wall prevents bursting

Question 28

how does pressure affect the growth of bacteria

Answer 28

growth of most bacteria is inhibited by high pressure but some bacteria can withstand high pressure

Question 29

antibiotic

Answer 29

chemicals produced by micro organisms that stop the growth of or kill other microorganisms without damaging human tissue

Question 30

pathogenic bacteria

Answer 30

bacteria that causes bacteria

Question 31

how are antibiotics made

Answer 31

genetically engineered or isolated from fungi

Question 32

what causes antibiotic resistance

Answer 32

mutations can cause antibiotic resistance. If all bacteria is killed by antibiotics and one antibiotic resistance bacteria is formed there is no competion for that bacteria

Question 33

give an example of a multi resistant strain

Answer 33

mrsa

Question 34

give two abuses of antibiotics

Answer 34

overuse of it causing antibiotic resistant bacteria not completing the full treatment of antibiotics allows bacteria to survive and regrow

Question 35

list the 5 phases of the bacterial growth curve

Answer 35

lag phase is when bacterial numbers are constant due to adaption to new environment log phase is when there is a rapid increase in bacteria due to ideal conditions stationary phase is when bacteria numbers remain constant due the rate of death and reproduction being the same and lack of food and space etc. decline phase is when there is a rapid decline in the numbers of bacteria and the death rate is greater than the rate of reproduction survival phase is a small number of bacteria survive by remaining dormant as spores

Question 36

batch culture

Answer 36

the growth of cells in a sealed container or bioreactor over a short period of time and under ideal conditions until all the nutrients are used up

Question 37

bioreactor

Answer 37

the vessel or container in which living cells or their products are used to make a product

Question 38

continuous flow

Answer 38

food processing the growth of cells in an open container or bioreactor where nutrients are added and the end products are removed all the time at a rate that maintains the volume of the liquid and the number of cells.