human reproduction Flashcards
secondary sexual characteristics
features that emerge after puberty
what is the function of the prostate gland
produce seminal fluid
function of epididymis
sperm storage or transport sperm from testes to sperm duct
give cause of male infertility
low sperm count or sperm immobility
how long is a typical menstrual cycle
28 to 30 days
what are the effects of low oestrogen and progesterone on the female reproductive system
menstruation or new follicle development
why does oestrogen levels increase after day 5
fsh stimulates more production of oestrogen
what even occurs around day 14 of the menstrual cycle
ovulation
what hormone stimulates ovulation
LH
why do progesterone levels increase in the days after day 14
corpus luteum stimulates progesterone
what are the functions of the placenta
prevent mothers blood from mixing with babys blood
movement of food to foetus
antibodies from mother to baby
outline the birth process
progesterone levels decrease causing uterus to contracts and contractions
mucus plug blocking cervix is expelled and amniotic fluid escapes
as contractions get stronger the baby starts to move down hetd first.
the mother must push the baby out of the vagina
the umbilical chord is cut and the placenta is delivered
state three methods of contraception
condom
pill
surgical sterilisation
what hormone is responsible for milk production
prolactin
what are the benefits of breastfeeding
bonding of mother and baby
perfect food for baby at perfect temperature
what are the two tissues involved in placenta formation
uterine and embryo tissue
difference between the size of male and female gametes
male is small and female is large
difference between male and female gamete production
male is continuously and female is monthy
difference between male and female gamete numbers
male is high numbers and female is low numbers
what is a cause and treatment for endomoetriosis
genetic surgery
what is implantation
embedding of zygote to endometrium
what happens to progesterone after implantation
increases
what happens to the endometrium after implantation
thickens
the three germ layers
endoderm ectoderm and misoderm
location of production of female gametes
ovary
location of fertilisation
fallopian tube
in vitro fertilisation
gametes fuse outside of the body
benefit of in vitro fertilisation
higher chance of successful implantation
why must blood not mix
infections
different blood types
where are fsh and lh produced
pituitary gland
where does mieosis occur in males
testes
why does mitochondria come from mother only
only head of sperm cell enters egg
difference in gamete survival for men and women
men 0-7 days
women 12-48 hours
what is the amnion
membraine surrounding the foetus
what structures do the three germ layers produce
endoderm digestive system
ectoderm nervous system
misoderm skeletal system
what does the amnion do
protect foetus
what is semen
sperm cells and seminal fluid
morulla
ball of cells
blactocyst
fluid filled ball of cells
