breathing system Flashcards
what is the function of the nose
air is inhaled through the nose and our nose hair filters this air. The air is also warmed as it passes through
what is the function of the epiglottis
flap of tissue that closes over trachea when we swallow
what is the function of the larynx
two vocal chords vibrate and make sound
what is the function of the trachea
air travels down the trachea
what is the fnctionrings of cartilage
stop trachea from closing when air travels through
what is the function of bronchus/bronchiole
divides trachea
what is the function of alveoli/alveolus
hollow air sacks where gas exchange takes place in lung
what is the function of the lung
large pink sponge structure where gas exchange takes place. Its lined with the pleural membrane
what is gas exchange
gas exchange occurs in the alveoli. W e breath oxygen which enters the alveoli. CO2 and water diffuses out of the cytoplasm and into the blood plasma and then into the alveoli . The oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood where it then diffuses into body cells
what does mucus do
traps small particles like dust
what does cillia do
create an upward current forcing the mucus to move up and past the epiglottis and into the stomach
where is the respiratory system located
thoracic cavity
what is the diaphragm
a sheet of involuntary muscle separating the thoracic cavity from the abdomen
what do the ribs and intercostal muscles do
form the walls of the thoracic cavity
what is the pleural cavity
the gap between the pleura lining the thoracic wall and the lung. It contains a liquid that reduces friction during breathing
what is the inhalation process
air is breathes in through nose or mouth. A message is sent from the brain to the intercostal muscles. They use energy in the form of adp to contract .The chest cavity volume increases. the diaphragm curves down. The pressure in the chest cavity decreases .The ribs move up and out. air is forced into the lungs as the external air pressure is higher than the air pressure in the chest.
what is the process of exhalation
the intercostal muscles relax. The diaphragm curves up. The volume of the chest cavity decreases. The air pressure in the chest cavity increases. Air is forced out of lungs.
what is the effect of exercise on respiration
exercise increases the rate of respiration therefore the body is low in oxygen and CO2 levels increase causing a drop in PH. The medulla oblongata in the brain detects this and increases our breathing level. Exhalation is normally a passive process but during exercise it becomes a active process.
what is a breathing disorder and list the symptoms, causes, prevention and treatment
asthma
noisy wheezy breathing or breathlessness
allergens such as dust mites, house dust, pollen etc.
lower bronchioles becoming inflamed or narrow
identifying and avoiding those allergens or preventative inhalers
bronchodilators causing bronchioles to widen
why is alveoli suitable for gas exchange
over 700 million so large surface area
1 cell thick
rich blood supply
moist surfaces
