enzymes

Question 1

what are enzymes

Answer 1

biological catalysts, protein in nature, that speed up chemical reactions without being used up in the process

Question 2

what does amylase break down

Answer 2

starch down to maltose

Question 3

what does lipase break down

Answer 3

lipids down to fatty acids and glycerol

Question 4

what does catalase break down

Answer 4

H2O2 down to H2 and O2

Question 5

What does sucrase break down

Answer 5

sucrose down to glusose and fructose

Question 6

what effect does temperature have on enzyme

Answer 6

Plant have an optimum of 20’ to 30’. Humans have an optimum of 37’. If the temperature goes beyond the optimum or if the enzymes are boiled more collisions take place resulting in the enzymes permanently losing their shape and the active site becoming denatured. They will be unable to carry out any enzyme activity

Question 7

what effect does PH have on enzyme acivity

Answer 7

Humans have an optimum pH of 7. Plants have an optimum PH of 9. If the pH increases drastically the enzyme active site becomes denatured resulting in inability to carry out enzyme activity. Pepsin has an optimum temperature of 2.

Question 8

what is denaturation

Answer 8

when the active site permanently loses its shape and is unable to carry out its function

Question 9

what is bioprocesing

Answer 9

use of enzyme controlled reactions to produce a product

Question 10

what is a bioreactor

Answer 10

a vessel or a container in which living cells or their products are used to make a product

Question 11

what is an immobilised enzyme

Answer 11

enzymes that are attached or fixed to each other or an inert material

Question 12

what are the methods of immobilising enzymes

Answer 12

enclosed by a membrane
enclosed in a gel
bonded to each other

Question 13

advantages of immobilised enzymes

Answer 13

cheaper than free enzymes
reusable
increased stability

Question 14

what is enzyme substrate complex

Answer 14

each enzyme will only fit with a particular substrate. This is enzyme specificity. As the substrate fits into the active site of the active site, the active site alters to fit the substrate perfectly. This is the induced fit theory. When the substrate fits into the active site it is known as the enzyme substrate complex. After the product is released the active site goes back to normal.

Question 15

what is enzyme specificity

Answer 15

the enzyme will only fit a particular substrate and it alters its active site just so that substrate can fit into it.