digestive system

Question 1

what is digestion

Answer 1

the breakdown of food into smaller particles

Question 2

what are the main events of digestion

Answer 2

ingestion,
digestion, absorption and egestion

Question 3

what is ingestion

Answer 3

food taken in through mouth

Question 4

what is absorption

Answer 4

digested food passes into bloodstream

Question 5

egestion

Answer 5

removal of unabsorbed waste from the body

Question 6

what are the four types of teeth

Answer 6

molars, pre molars, canines and incisors

Question 7

what are the functions of molars and pre molars

Answer 7

crush and grind

Question 8

what are the functions of canines

Answer 8

grip and tear

Question 9

what are the functions of incisors

Answer 9

cut and slice

Question 10

what is the dental formula

Answer 10

2[I2/2 C1/1 P2/2 M3/3]

Question 11

mechanical digestion in the mouth

Answer 11

teeth crush and grind food into bolus

Question 12

chemical digestion in mouth

Answer 12

saliva is produced from salivary glands and it contains lysozyme, amylase, mucus and water and it break down the food

Question 13

what happens after the food is chewed into a bolus

Answer 13

it is pushed to the pharynx and the epiglottis closes over the trachea and the food travels down the eosophagus

Question 14

what is peristalsis

Answer 14

the wave of muscular action i the walls of the alimentary canal that moves food along

Question 15

what muscle does the food go through

Answer 15

cardiac sphincter muscle

Question 16

what gastric juices are produced by the gastric glands in the stomach

Answer 16

mucus pepsinogen and hydrochloric acid

Question 17

what does mucus do

Answer 17

it coats the stomach and prevents self digestion

Question 18

what does pepsinogen do

Answer 18

it activates pepsin which converts proteins to peptides

Question 19

what does hydrochloric acid

Answer 19

kills bacteria, loosens fibrous and cellular foods and activates pepsinogen and salivary amylase

Question 20

what makes chyme

Answer 20

the contraction of the stomach wall churns and digests the food turning it to chyme which is passed into the duodenum

Question 21

what are 2 glands associated with the small intestine

Answer 21

pancreas and liver

Question 22

what is the function of pancreas

Answer 22

it secretes hormone insulin and digestive materials which then form pancreatic juices which contain sodium bicarbonate [which neutralises chyme] and enzymes like amylase and lipase.

Question 23

where is bile made ,stored and secreted

Answer 23

liver, gall bladder, bile duct

Question 24

how do the enzymes and neutralised chyme enter the duodenum

Answer 24

pancreatic duct

Question 25

what does the duodenum do

Answer 25

digestive enzymes are produced from the cell lining of the duodenum. The duodenum is mainly for digestion

Question 26

how is the small intestine adapted for absorption

Answer 26

the ileum and duodenum are both lined with villi for absorption.

Question 27

what does the villi do

Answer 27

the villus absorbs nutrients like glucose amino acids and the capillaries carry them to the hepatic portal vein. This takes them to the liver where some are stored and released. Excess amino acids are turned to urea and released through the hepatic vein

Question 28

how is faeces formed

Answer 28

the liquid waste enters the large intestine and water is reabsorbed turning t to faeces

Question 29

where is faeces stored and egested

Answer 29

rectum and anus

Question 30

what liuqid is the in the lacteal

Answer 30

lymph

Question 31

what does the lymph do

Answer 31

the lymph transports protein coated fats to the blood stream through the lymph vessels.

Question 32

what do the cells of the villus do

Answer 32

absorb fatty acids and glycerol reforming them to fats