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Anatomy > The Cubital Fossa and Forearm > Flashcards

The Cubital Fossa and Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

The Cubital Fossa: junction between the

A

arm (brachium) & forearm regions (antebrachium)

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2
Q

Boundaries of the Cubital Fossa:

Lateral

A

brachioradialis muscle

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3
Q

Boundaries of the Cubital Fossa:

Medial

A

pronator teres muscle

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4
Q

Boundaries of the Cubital Fossa:

Superior

A

an imaginary line between medial & lateral epicondyles of humerus

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5
Q

Boundaries of the Cubital Fossa:

Roof (3)

A

skin, superficial & deep fascia, bicipital aponeurosis

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6
Q

Boundaries of the Cubital Fossa:

Floor (2)

A

supinator (deep, not shown) and brachialis muscles

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7
Q

Contents of the Cubital Fossa (5)

A
  1. median nerve
  2. Brachial a. with bifurcation of radial & ulnar arteries
  3. brachial veins (venae comitantes)
  4. tendon of biceps brachii & bicipital
    aponeurosis
  5. radial nerve
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8
Q

radial nerve includes (2)

A
  • deep radial nerve

* superficial radial nerve

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9
Q 
Posterior to the Cubital Region:
Elbow Region (4)
A
  • triceps and olecranon process
  • anconeus
  • ulnar nerve runs posterior to medial epicondyle of humerus
  • posterior ulnar recurrent artery also runs posterior to medial epicondyle
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10
Q

ULNAR SIDE =

A

MEDIAL

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11
Q

RADIAL (THUMB) SIDE =

A

LATERAL

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12
Q

supinated position is

A

anatomical position

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13
Q

pronated (or semipronated) position is

A

how we naturally tend to hold our forearm

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14
Q 
FOREARM (ANTEBRACHIUM) and HAND:
Anterior Compartment (flexor-pronator)
= 
Posterior Compartment (extensor-supinator)
=
A

Anterior Compartment (flexor-pronator)
= Ulnar & Median Nerves
Posterior Compartment (extensor-supinator)
= Radial Nerve

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15
Q

— — surrounds and invests the forearm and is continuous with the brachial fascia of the arm

A

Antebrachial fascia

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16
Q

Cutaneous Nerves of Forearm (3)

A

Musculocutaneous n. (lateral antebrachial cutaneous n.)
Medial antebrachial cutaneous n.
Radial n. (posterior antebrachial cutaneous n.)

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17
Q 
Blood Supply to Forearm: Cubital Anastomoses
Anastomoses between (2)
A

Brachial Artery – Ulnar Artery

Deep Brachial Artery – Radial & Interosseous Arteries

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18
Q

Brachial Artery – Ulnar Artery

(2)

A
  • Superior ulnar collateral – Posterior ulnar recurrent

* Inferior ulnar collateral – Anterior ulnar recurrent

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19
Q

Deep Brachial Artery – Radial & Interosseous Arteries

A
  • Radial collateral artery – Radial recurrent artery

* Middle collateral artery – Interosseous recurrent artery

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20
Q

Radial and Ulnar arteries: Forearm

Anterior Forearm: (3)

A
  • ulnar artery (proper)
  • radial artery (proper)
  • anterior interosseous a.
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21
Q

Palmaris longus:

Proximal Attachment

A

-medial epicondyle of humerus

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21
Q 
Radial and Ulnar arteries: Forearm 
Posterior Forearm (4)
A
  • radial artery (proper)
  • recurrent interosseous a.
  • posterior interosseous a.
  • Dorsal carpal branch (ulnar a.)
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22
Q

Palmaris longus:

Distal Attachment

A

-flexor retinaculum; continuous with palmar aponeurosis

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23
Q

Palmaris longus:

Actions (2)

A

flexes hand at wrist,

tenses palmar aponeurosis

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24
Q

Palmaris longus:

Innervation

A
  • median nerve
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25
Q

Pronator teres:

PA

A

-coronoid process of ulna

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26
Q

Pronator teres:

DA

A

-middle of lateral surface of radius

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27
Q

Pronator teres:

Actions (2)

A

-pronates and flexes forearm at elbow

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28
Q

Pronator teres:

Inn

A
  • median nerve
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29
Q

Flexor carpi radialis:

PA

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

“common flexor origin”

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30
Q

Flexor carpi radialis:

DA

A

-base of 2nd metacarpal

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31
Q

Flexor carpi radialis:

Actions (2)

A

-flexes and abducts hand at wrist

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32
Q

Flexor carpi radialis:

Inn

A
  • median nerve
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33
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris:

PA (2)

A
  • medial epicondyle of humerus (humeral head)

- Olecranon & posterior border of ulna (ulnar head)

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34
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris:

DA (3)

A

pisiform,
hook of hamate,
5th metacarpal

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35
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris:

Actions (2)

A

-flexes and adducts hand at wrist

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36
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris:

Inn

A
  • ulnar nerve
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37
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis:

PA (2)

A
  • medial epicondyle of humerus,

- superior ½ of anterior border of radius

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38
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis:

DA

A

-shafts of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits

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39
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis:

Actions (2)

A

-flexes middle phalanges at proximal
interphalangeal joint,
-flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joints

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40
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis:

Inn

A

-median nerve

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41
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus:

PA (2)

A

-proximal ¾ of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous
membrane

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42
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus:

DA

A

-bases of distal phalanges of 2nd-5th fingers

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43
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus:

Actions

A

-flexes distal phalanges at interphalangeal joints (power grip)

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44
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus:

Inn (2)

A
  • median*
  • anterior interosseus nerve branch from median nerve
  • ulnar nerves
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45
Q

Flexor pollicis longus:

PA (2)

A
  • anterior surface of radius

- interosseous membrane

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46
Q

Flexor pollicis longus:

DA

A

-base of distal phalanx of thumb

47
Q

Flexor pollicis longus:

Actions

A

-flexes thumb

48
Q

Flexor pollicis longus:

Inn

A

median nerve via anterior interosseous nerve (C8, T1)

49
Q

Pronator quadratus:

PA

A

-distal ¼ of anterior surface of ulna

50
Q

Pronator quadratus:

DA

A

-distal ¼ of anterior surface of radius

51
Q

Pronator quadratus:

Actions (3)

A
  • pronates forearm,
  • deep fibers bind radius,
  • ulna together
52
Q

Pronator quadratus:

Inn

A

median nerve via anterior interosseous

nerve

53
Q

Superficial Extensors: most attach t the

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

54
Q

Superficial Extensors include (6)

A
  • brachioradialis (flexes elbow joint)
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor digitorum
  • extensor digiti minimi
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
55
Q

brachioradialis is in the posterior — compartment but actually functions to flex the — joint

A

forearm

elbow

56
Q

ALL muscles of the posterior forearm are innervated by the — nerve via the (2)

A

radial

deep branch of the radial nerve or the posterior interosseous nerve

57
Q

Innervation of Posterior Forearm

A 
• Radial Nerve
• superficial branch of radial nerve
(lateral, runs beneath brachioradialis)
CUTANEOUS ONLY (no motor branches)
• deep branch of radial nerve
(posterior, becomes posterior interosseous
nerve)
58
Q

Innervation of Posterior Forearm:

The deep branch of the radial nerve continues as the

A

posterior interosseous nerve

59
Q

Brachioradialis:

PA

A

-proximal 2/3 of supraepicondylar ridge of humerus

60
Q

Brachioradialis:

DA

A

-distal radius, proximal to styloid process

61
Q

Brachioradialis:

Actions

A

-flexes forearm when it is pronated (about midprone position)

62
Q

Brachioradialis:

Inn

A

radial nerve

63
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus:

PA

A

-lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

64
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus:

DA

A

-dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal

65
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus:

Actions

A

-extend and abduct hand at wrist

66
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus:

Inn

A

-radial nerve

67
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis:

PA

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)

68
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis:

DA

A

-dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal

69
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis:

Actions

A

-deep branch of radial nerve

70
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis:

Inn

A

-extend and abduct hand at wrist

71
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris:

PA (2)

A
  • lateral epicondyle of humerus

- posterior border of ulna

72
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris:

DA

A

-dorsal aspect of base fo 5th metacarpal

73
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris:

Actions (2)

A

-extends and adducts hand at wrist

74
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris:

Inn

A

-posterior interosseous nerve

75
Q

posterior interosseous nerve is continuous with

A

deep branch of the radial nerve

76
Q

Extensor digitorum:

PA

A

-lateral epicondyle of humerus

common extensor origin

77
Q

Extensor digitorum:

DA

A

-extensor expansions of medial 4 fingers

78
Q

Extensor digitorum:

Actions

A

-extends medial 4 fingers at metacarpophalangeal joints and somewhat at interphalangeal joints

79
Q

Extensor digitorum:

Inn

A

-posterior interosseous nerve

80
Q

The tendons of extensor digitorum form a dorsal expansion over the metacarpophalangeal (MP) and interphalangeal (IP) joints called the (2)

A

extensor expansion and extensor hood

81
Q

As — — —-, it pulls on the extensor expansion (extensor hood), which
causes the interphalangeal (IP) joints to extend

A

extensor digitorum contracts

82
Q

The — also attach to this expansion at the “hood” and are thus also able to extend the IP joints

A

lumbricals

83
Q

Extensor digiti minimi:

PA

A

-lateral epicondyle of humerus

common extensor origin

84
Q

Extensor digiti minimi:

DA

A

-extensor expansion of 5th finger

85
Q

Extensor digiti minimi:

Actions (2)

A

-extends 5th finger at metacarpophalangeal joint

and secondarily at interphalangeal joints

86
Q

Extensor digiti minimi:

Inn

A

-posterior interosseous nerve

87
Q

Deep Extensors includes (5)

A
  • supinator
  • extensor indicis
  • abductor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis brevis
88
Q

“outcropping muscles” (3)

A
  • abductor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis brevis
89
Q

ALL deep extensors are innervated by the (2), which is the continuation of this same nerve

A

deep branch of the radial nerve, or the posterior interosseus nerve

90
Q

Supinator:

PA (3)

A
  • lateral epicondyle of humerus,
  • radial collateral & anular ligaments,
  • ulnar crest
91
Q

Supinator:

DA

A

-proximal 1/3 of radius (nearly all surfaces, as it wraps around the bone)

92
Q

Supinator:

Actions

A

-supinates forearm, bringing radius back to anatomical position

93
Q

Supinator:

Inn

A

-deep branch of radial nerve

94
Q

Extensor indicis:

PA (2)

A

-posterior surface of distal 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane

95
Q

Extensor indicis:

DA

A

-extensor expansion of 2nd finger

96
Q

Extensor indicis:

Actions (2)

A
  • independent extension of 2nd finger,

- but also helps with extension of wrist

97
Q

Extensor indicis:

Inn

A

-posterior interosseous nerve

98
Q

Abductor pollicis longus:

PA (2)

A
  • posterior surface of proximal ½ of ulna and radius,

- interosseous membrane

99
Q

Abductor pollicis longus:

DA

A

-base of 1st metacarpal

100
Q

Abductor pollicis longus:

Actions (2)

A

-abducts thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint

101
Q

Abductor pollicis longus:

Inn

A

-posterior interosseous nerve

102
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis:

PA (2)

A
  • posterior surface of distal 1/3 of radius,

- interosseous membrane

103
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis:

DA

A

-dorsal aspect of proximal phalanx of thumb

104
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis:

Actions (2)

A

-extends proximal phalanx of thumb at its
metacarpophalangeal joint,
-extends carpometacarpal joint

105
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis:

Inn

A

-posterior interosseous nerve

106
Q

Extensor pollicis longus:

PA (2)

A
  • posterior surface of middle 1/3 of ulna,

- interosseous membrane

107
Q

Extensor pollicis longus:

DA

A

-dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb

108
Q

Extensor pollicis longus:

Actions (2)

A
  • extends distal phalanx of thumb at its interphalangeal joint
  • extends the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joint
109
Q

Extensor pollicis longus:

Inn

A

-posterior interosseous nerve

110
Q

Anatomical Relationships

From lateral to medial (5)

A
  • Superficial branch of the Radial nerve
  • Radial artery
  • Median Nerve
  • Ulnar Artery
  • Ulnar Nerve
111
Q

Ulnar Nerve Relationships (4)

A

• Posterior to the medial epicondyle
• Runs along the medial forearm under the flexor carpi ulnaris
• Goes through Guyon’s canal lateral to the pisiform bone (this is a
fascial compartment)
• Enters the hand and supplies most of the intrinsic muscles of the hand

112
Q

Anatomical Relationships
• Ulnar nerve and ulnar artery:
• ulnar artery and flexor carpi ulnaris:
• ulnar artery and nerve to pisiform bone and Guyon’s canal:

A

• Ulnar nerve and ulnar artery: Run together , nerve is medial
• ulnar artery and flexor carpi ulnaris: Located under flexor carpi ulnaris or
just lateral to it
• ulnar artery and nerve to pisiform bone and Guyon’s canal: lateral

113
Q

Median Nerve Relationships
Median nerve to pronator teres:
Median nerve to flexor digitorum superficialis:
Median nerve to flexor retinaculum:

A

Median nerve to pronator teres:
-runs through it
Median nerve to flexor digitorum superficialis:
-deep to it (runs between F.d. superficialis and F.d.profundus)
Median nerve to flexor retinaculum:
-deep to it (through carpal tunnel)

114
Q
  • ulnar artery and flexor carpi ulnaris:
  • ulnar artery and ULNAR nerve to pisiform bone and Guyon’s canal:
  • radial artery to the superficial branch of the radial nerve:
  • radial artery to brachioradialis:
A
  • ulnar artery and flexor carpi ulnaris: Located under flexor carpi ulnaris or just lateral to it
  • ulnar artery and ULNAR nerve to pisiform bone and Guyon’s canal: lateral
  • radial artery to the superficial branch of the radial nerve: Artery is medial (nerve lateral)
  • radial artery to brachioradialis: Under brachioradialis or just medial to it
115
Q

Anterior interosseous nerve & anterior interosseous artery to the pronator quadratus muscle:

A

The nerve and artery run deep (posterior) to the muscle

Anatomy (29 decks)

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