Muscles of the Back

Question 1

the thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 1

posterior layer which covers the extrinsic back muscles

Question 2

what are dimples?

Answer 2

where tendons attach

fascia and muscle to bone

Question 3

the triangle of auscultation

Answer 3

less tissue, easier to hear breathing sounds

Question 4

lumbar triangle

Answer 4

slight tweaking in lateral abdominal wall, prone to herniation

Question 5

from a developmental perspective, the back muscles are divided into 2 groups that are separated by the

Answer 5

thoracolumbar fascia

Question 6

are the extrinsic back muscle hypaxial or epaxial?

Answer 6

hypoxia

Question 7

what innervates the extrinsic back muscles?

Answer 7

the ventral rami of spinal nerves

Question 8

the trapezius is an exception to the extrinsic back innervation because it is innervated by

Answer 8

a cranial nerve
spinal accessory nerve
cervical plexus (C3 &C4)

Question 9

extrinsic back muscles primarily move the

Answer 9

limbs

Question 10

are the intrinsic back muscles hypaxial or epaxial?

Answer 10

epaxial

Question 11

what innervates the intrinsic back muscles?

Answer 11

the Doral rami of spinal nerves

Question 12

the intrinsic back muscles primarily move the

Answer 12

spine

Question 13

extrinsic muscles of the back from superficial to deep (7)

Answer 13

trapezius 
latissimus dorsi
levator scapulae 
rhomboid minor 
rhomboid major 
serratus posterior superior 
serratus posterior inferior

Question 14

what are the two groups within the intrinsic back muscles?

Answer 14

erector spinae group

transcersospinalis group

Question 15

intrinsic muscles of the back from superficial to deep (6)

Answer 15

iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis

multifidus
semispinalis
rotatores

Question 16

serratus posterior superior and inferior function to

Answer 16

elevate the ribs during breathing

Question 17

serratus posterior superior and inferior are still considered extrinsic because of

Answer 17

their innervation

Question 18

erector spinae group (3)

Answer 18

spinalis
longissimus
iliocostalis

Question 19

transcersospinalis group (3)

Answer 19

rotatores
multifidus
semispinalis

Question 20

the dorsal ramus innervates the

Answer 20

intrinsic back muscles and skin of the back

Question 21

the ventral ramus innervates the (3)

Answer 21

extrinsic back muscles
anterior and lateral trunk
limbs

Question 22

the ventral ramus innervation includes (3)

Answer 22

cervical plexus
brachial plexus
intercostal nerves

Question 23

extrinsic back muscles move the

Answer 23

shoulder and arm

Question 24

trapezius is innervated by
motor:
sensory:

Answer 24

motor: spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve)
sensory: cervical plexus (C3 & C4)

Question 25

the latissimus dorsi is innervated by

Answer 25

thoracodorsal nerve (brachial plexus)

Question 26

the elevator scapular is innervated by

Answer 26

``` cervical plexus (C3 & C4) brachial plexus (dorsal scapular n) ```

Question 27

the rhomboid minor is innervated by

Answer 27

brachial plexus (dorsal scapular n)

Question 28

the rhomboid major is innervated by

Answer 28

brachial plexus (dorsal scapular n)

Question 29

the serratus posterior superior is innervated by

Answer 29

intercostal nerve branches

Question 30

the serratus posterior inferior is innervated by

Answer 30

intercostal nerve branches

Question 31

levator scapular, rhomboid minor, and rhomboid major work to

Answer 31

elevate and retract the scapula

Question 32

extrinsic back muscles are also called

Answer 32

posterior axioappendicular muscles

Question 33

posterior axioappendicular muscles mean that they connect the

Answer 33

axial skeleton to the appendicular skeleton

Question 34

these posterior muscles attach the -- to the --

Answer 34

scapula and humerus (upper arm bone) to the spine and/or ribs (axial skeleton)

Question 35

the extrinsic muscles of the back are muscles that move the (2)

Answer 35

upper limb and pectoral girdle

Question 36

all but one are innervated by ventral rami from the (2)

Answer 36

cervical or brachial plexuses in the neck

Question 37

layer 1 of the extrinsic muscles of the back includes (2)

Answer 37

trapezius | latissimus dorsi

Question 38

layer 1 is most

Answer 38

superficial

Question 39

layer 1 acts to move the

Answer 39

scapula and humerus

Question 40

layer 2 of the extrinsic muscles of the back includes (3)

Answer 40

lavator scapulae rhomboid minor rhomboid major

Question 41

layer 2 is in the

Answer 41

middle

Question 42

layer 2 acts to move the

Answer 42

scapula

Question 43

layer 3 of the extrinsic muscles of the back includes (2)

Answer 43

serratus posterior superior | serratus posterior inferior

Question 44

layer 3 is the

Answer 44

deepest

Question 45

layer 3 acts to move the

Answer 45

ribs

Question 46

the intrinsic muscles of the back functions (3)

Answer 46

act to move the vertebral column | maintaining an erect posture of the spine, as well as proprioception

Question 47

the intrinsic muscles of the back run

Answer 47

longitudinally

Question 48

the intrinsic muscles of the back are deep to the

Answer 48

serratus posterior muscles

Question 49

the intrinsic muscles of the back are enclosed by the

Answer 49

thoracolumbar fascia

Question 50

the intrinsic muscles of the back from superficial to deep (3)

Answer 50

splenius erector spinae transversospinalis

Question 51

splenius includes (2)

Answer 51

captious | cervicis

Question 52

erector spinae includes (3)

Answer 52

illiocostalis - lumborum - thoracis - cervicis longissimus - lumborum - thoracis - cervicis spinalis - thoracis - cervicis

Question 53

transversospinalis includes (3)

Answer 53

``` multifidus rotatores -brevis -longus semispinalis ```

Question 54

splenius capitus connects from the

Answer 54

spinous process to the mastoid process

Question 55

splenius cervisis connects from the

Answer 55

spinous processes to the transverse process of C1

Question 56

what are the actions of the erector spinae muscles? | unilateral vs bilateral

Answer 56

extend the trunk when active bilaterally. when they are active unilaterally, they laterally flex (bend) the trunk toward the side of muscle activity

Question 57

what are the actions of the transcersospinalis group? | unilateral vs bilateral

Answer 57

assist the erector spinal in trunk extension when they are active bilaterally. when they are active unilaterally, they rotate (twist) the trunk to the opposite side of the muscle activity

Question 58

rotatoria longus vs rotatores brevis

Answer 58

longus: 2 segments brevis: 1 segment

Question 59

semispinalis segments

Answer 59

multiple

Question 60

multifidus segments

Answer 60

multiple

Question 61

additional group of segmental muscles (3)

Answer 61

levator costarum intertransversarii interspinalis

Question 62

levator costarum is innervated by

Answer 62

intercostal nerves

Question 63

intertransversarii and interspinalis are innervated by the

Answer 63

dorsal rami of spinal nerves