The Cranial Nerves Flashcards
Visceral afferents, including taste fibers, terminate in the.
Nucleus solitarius of the medulla
Lies in the ventral apex of the periaqueductal grey of the midbrain, at the level of the superior colliculus.
The oculomotor nucleus
What are the nuclei of the somatic efferent cell column?
3,4,6 and 12
What are the muscles that are supplied by the oculomotor nerve?
Levator palpebrae superioris + all of the extraocular muscles
* except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus.
Lies in the midbrain , at the ventral border of the periaqueductal grey, at the level of the inferior colliculus.
The trochlear nucleus
Innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye.
The trochlear nerve
Located in the caudal pons, beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle.
The abducens nucleus
Innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye.
The abducent nerve
Lies in the medulla, and innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
The hypoglossal nucleus via the hypoglossal nerve
Innervates striated muscles derived from the branchial arches.
The branchiomotor cell column
CN nucleus located in the tegmentum of the mid-pons.
The trigeminal motor nucleus
Innervates muscles of mastication, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid and the anterior belly of digastric.
The trigeminal nerve
Where does the facial motor nucleus is located ?
In the caudal pontine tegmentum
What does the facial nerve innervates?
Muscles of mastication + the stapedius muscle
Within the medulla, this nucleus sends motor fibers in the glossopharyngeal, vagus and cranial parts of the accessory nerve to innervate the muscles of the pharynx and larynx.
The nucleus ambiguus
The nuclei of the parasympathetic cell column send axons into.
3, 7, 9 and 10 CN
Lies in the midbrain adjacent to the oculomotor nucleus.
The Edinger-Westphal nucleus
Where does the superior and inferior salivatory nuclei are located?
In the pontine tegmentum
Supplies preganglionic cibers to the facial nerve that terminate in the pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia.
The superior salivatory nucleus
Postganglionic fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion innervate.
The lacrimal gland + the nasal and oral mucous membranes
The postganglionic fibers from the submandibular ganglion innervate.
The submandibular + The sublingual salivary glands
The preganglionic fibers of the facial nerve terminate in.
The pterygopalatine + The submandibular ganglia
The inferior salivatory nucleus sends preganglionic fibers into.
The glossopharyngeal nerve
The preganglionic fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve terminate in.
The otic ganglion
The inferior salivatory nucleus sends preganglionic fibers into the glossopharyngeal nerve. These terminate in the otic ganglion, which in turn sends postganglionic axons to.
Parotid salivary gland
What is the largest preganglionic parasympathetic cell group? And where does it lie?
The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus ( in the medulla )
This nucleus lies lateral to the hypoglossal nucleus and its rostral portion lies immediately beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle.
The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
Fibers of this CN course ventrally through the midbrain tegmentum, transversing the red nucleus, to exit on the medial aspect of the crus cerebri within the interpeduncular fossa.
The oculomotor nerve
CN Passes between the posterior cerebral and the superior cerebellar arteries.
Oculomotor nerve + Trochlear nerve
What are the CN that lies on the wall of the cavernous sinus?
Oculomotor - trochlear - maxillary - ophthalmic nerves
What is the nerve that pass through the cavernous sinus?
Abducent nerve
This nerve is responsible for elevation of the upper eyelid .
The oculomotor nerve ( levator palpebrae superioris )
This CN is responsible for accommodation and pupillary light reflex.
The oculomotor nerve
The efferent axons of this CN pass dorsally, around the periaqueductal grey, and decussate in the midline.
The trochlear nerve
The only CN that emerges from the dorsal aspect of the brainstem.
The trochlear nerve
Lesion of the right trochlear nucleus, means that the…….. eye will be affected.
The left eye ( axons lass dorsally around the periaqueductal grey and *decussate in the midline )
Its nucleus lies beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle in the caudal pons.
The abducent nerve
Emerge from the ventral surface of the brainstem at the junction between the pons and the pyramid.
The abducent nerve
Lesion causes ipsilateral internal strabismus.
The abducent nerve
What is the main sensory nerve of the head?
The trigeminal nerve
The roots of the …………… CN lies on the ventrolateral aspect of the pons, where it merges with the middle cerebellar peduncle.
The trigeminal nerve
A CN responsible for innervation of the intracranial dura mater and intracranial arteries.
The trigeminal nerve
Where does the cell bodies of afferents in the trigeminal nerve located?
In the trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion ( except those conveying proprioception )
The afferents of the trigeminal nerve terminate in.
The trigeminal sensory nucleus
What are the three subnuclei of the trigeminal sensory nucleus?
- chief (principle) sensory nucleus.
- mesencephalic nucleus.
- spinal nucleus.
The chief sensory nucleus lie in.
The pontine tegmentum
One of the sub-nuclei of the trigeminal sensory nucleus, which becomes continuous with the substantia gelatinosa.
The spinal nucleus
Proprioceptive afferents from the muscles of mastication and the temporomandibular joint have their cell bodies in.
The mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal
Axon arising from the second-order neurons in the trigeminal nucleus decussate to form .
The trigeminothalamic tract (trigeminal lemniscus)
The trigeminothalamic tract terminate in.
The ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus
What are the CNs that are responsible for the corneal reflex?
- the trigeminal nerve (sensory) to the trigeminal sensory nucleus.
- the facial nerve (motor) from the facial motor nucleus.
What are the CNs that are responsible for sneeze and cough reflexes?
Afferents running in either the trigeminal nerve ( from nasal mucosa ) or the vagus nerve ( from the larynx and trachea ) and ending in the trigeminal sensory nucleus.
Interconnections between the trigeminal sensory nucleus and the …………. nucleus contributing to the sneeze and cough reflex.
The ambiguus nucleus
Herpes zoster infection of the sensory roots of the trigeminal nerve lead to.
Pain and eruption of the vesicles in the dermatomes supplied by the trigeminal branches ( V1,2 and 3 )
Where does the trigeminal motor nucleus located?
In the pontine tegmentum, medial to the chief ( principle ) sensory nucleus.
What are the muscles that are innervated by the mandibular nerve?
Masseter - temporalis - lateral and medila pterygoids - tensor tempani - tensor veli palatini - mylohyoid - anterior belly of the digastric.
What are the muscle that are responsible for opening of the jaw?
Lateral and medial pterygoids.
What are the muscle that are responsible for closing the jaw?
Masseter and temporalis
A CN Lies in the cerebellopontine angle.
The facial nerve.
What does the sensory fibers of the facial nerve supply?
- taste sensation of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
- floor of the mouth and palate.
- auricle of the ear.
The cell bodies of the primary afferent neurons of the facial nerve lies in.
Geniculate ganglion ( within the facial canal of the petrous part temporal bone ).
The central processes of taste fibers terminate in the rostral part of.
Nucleus solitarius of the medulla
The ascending fibers from the nucleus solitarius project to.
The ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus
Afferent facial nerve fibers that carry cutaneous sensation terminate in.
The trigeminal nucleus
The axons of this cranial nucleus loops over the abducens nucleus before leaving the brainstem.
The facial motor nucleus ( in the caudal pontine tegmentum ).
What are the muscle that are supplied by the facial nerve?
- muscles of facial expressions.
- platysma.
- stylohyoid.
- posterior belly of digastric.
- the stapedius.
This CN is responsible for Jaw jerk reflex.
The trigeminal nerve ( trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus + trigeminal motor nucleus ).
Closure of the eye in response to visual stimuli is controlled by.
The facial nerve ( through fibers from the superior colliculus )
What nerve is responsible for contraction of the stapedius muscle in response to loud noise.
The facial nerve ( through fibers coming from the superior olivary nucleus )
This tract innervates the motor facial nucleus.
The corticobulbar tract
Unilateral UMN lesion of the corticobulbar fibers give rise to paralysis of the.
Lower facial muscles
The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve originate in.
The superior salivatory nucleus
What are the parasympathetic ganglia of the facial nerve?
The submandibular + The pterygopalatine ganglia
What is the difference between the postganglionic fibers of the two parasympathetic ganglia of the facial nerve?
- Submandibular ganglion: innervate the submandibular + the sublingual salivatory glands.
- The pterygopalatine ganglion: innervate the lacrimal gland + the oral and mucous membranes.
A lesion of the facial nerve causes.
Bell’s palsy
What are the signs and symptoms of Bell’s palsy?
- unilateral paralysis of the facial muscles.
- failure to close the eye.
- absent corneal reflex.
- hyperacusis.
- loss of taste sensation on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
A sensory CN that convey impulses from the inner ear.
The vestibulocochlear nerve
What are the CN that pass through the internal auditory nucleus?
The two divisions of the VIII and the VII CNs
A CN attached to the brainstem at the junction of the medulla and pons ( the cerebellopontine angle ).
The vestibulocochlear nerve
Where does the vestibular nuclei located ?
In the rostral medulla, beneath the lateral part of the floor of the 4th ventricle.
Where does the cell bodies of the vestibular nerve located?
In the vestibular ganglion within the internal acoustic meatus
Fibers of this CN make dendritic contact with hair cells of the organ of Corti within the cochlear duct of the inner ear.
The cochlear nerve
Lesion of these nuclei causes nystagmus, vertigo, nausea and vomiting.
The vestibular nuclei
Damage to the nuclei of the cochlear nerve causes.
Ipsilateral deafness
A CN supplies the stylopharyngeus muscle by fibers coming from the superior end of the ambiguus nucleus.
The glossopharyngeal nerve
Sends preganglionic PS fibers to otic ganglion to supply the parotid gland.
The glossopharyngeal nerve ( inferior salivatory nucleus )
What is the nerve that responsible for taste sensation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
The glossopharyngeal nerve ( by the nucleus of tractus solitarius )
* also responsible for baroreceptors ( in the carotid sinus ) + chemoreceptors ( in the carotid body )
What is the nerve that is responsible for sensation of posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
The glossopharyngeal nerve ( by the spinal nucleus of the TG )
Supplies the constrictor muscles of the pharynx and the intrinsic muscles of the larynx.
The vagus nerve ( by the middle part of nucleus ambiguus )
What is the nerve that convey sensation of the epiglottis, tympanic membrane and the external auditory meatus?
The vagus nerve
The spinal part of this CN arises from the upper 5th cervical segments of the spinal cord.
The accessory nerve
Supplies all muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus muscle.
The hypoglossal nerve
Lesion causes deviation of the tongue to the affected side ( LMNL )
The hypoglossal nerve
What are the two nerve that are responsible for gang and swallowing reflexes?
The vagus ( efferent )+ the glossopharyngeal ( afferent )
