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Anatomy > The Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

The Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Visceral afferents, including taste fibers, terminate in the.

A

Nucleus solitarius of the medulla

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2
Q

Lies in the ventral apex of the periaqueductal grey of the midbrain, at the level of the superior colliculus.

A

The oculomotor nucleus

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3
Q

What are the nuclei of the somatic efferent cell column?

A

3,4,6 and 12

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4
Q

What are the muscles that are supplied by the oculomotor nerve?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris + all of the extraocular muscles
* except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus.

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5
Q

Lies in the midbrain , at the ventral border of the periaqueductal grey, at the level of the inferior colliculus.

A

The trochlear nucleus

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6
Q

Innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye.

A

The trochlear nerve

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7
Q

Located in the caudal pons, beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle.

A

The abducens nucleus

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8
Q

Innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye.

A

The abducent nerve

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9
Q

Lies in the medulla, and innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue.

A

The hypoglossal nucleus via the hypoglossal nerve

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10
Q

Innervates striated muscles derived from the branchial arches.

A

The branchiomotor cell column

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11
Q

CN nucleus located in the tegmentum of the mid-pons.

A

The trigeminal motor nucleus

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12
Q

Innervates muscles of mastication, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid and the anterior belly of digastric.

A

The trigeminal nerve

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13
Q

Where does the facial motor nucleus is located ?

A

In the caudal pontine tegmentum

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14
Q

What does the facial nerve innervates?

A

Muscles of mastication + the stapedius muscle

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15
Q

Within the medulla, this nucleus sends motor fibers in the glossopharyngeal, vagus and cranial parts of the accessory nerve to innervate the muscles of the pharynx and larynx.

A

The nucleus ambiguus

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16
Q

The nuclei of the parasympathetic cell column send axons into.

A

3, 7, 9 and 10 CN

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17
Q

Lies in the midbrain adjacent to the oculomotor nucleus.

A

The Edinger-Westphal nucleus

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18
Q

Where does the superior and inferior salivatory nuclei are located?

A

In the pontine tegmentum

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19
Q

Supplies preganglionic cibers to the facial nerve that terminate in the pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia.

A

The superior salivatory nucleus

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20
Q

Postganglionic fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion innervate.

A

The lacrimal gland + the nasal and oral mucous membranes

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21
Q

The postganglionic fibers from the submandibular ganglion innervate.

A

The submandibular + The sublingual salivary glands

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22
Q

The preganglionic fibers of the facial nerve terminate in.

A

The pterygopalatine + The submandibular ganglia

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23
Q

The inferior salivatory nucleus sends preganglionic fibers into.

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve

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24
Q

The preganglionic fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve terminate in.

A

The otic ganglion

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25
Q

The inferior salivatory nucleus sends preganglionic fibers into the glossopharyngeal nerve. These terminate in the otic ganglion, which in turn sends postganglionic axons to.

A

Parotid salivary gland

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26
Q

What is the largest preganglionic parasympathetic cell group? And where does it lie?

A

The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus ( in the medulla )

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27
Q

This nucleus lies lateral to the hypoglossal nucleus and its rostral portion lies immediately beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle.

A

The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

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28
Q

Fibers of this CN course ventrally through the midbrain tegmentum, transversing the red nucleus, to exit on the medial aspect of the crus cerebri within the interpeduncular fossa.

A

The oculomotor nerve

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29
Q

CN Passes between the posterior cerebral and the superior cerebellar arteries.

A

Oculomotor nerve + Trochlear nerve

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30
Q

What are the CN that lies on the wall of the cavernous sinus?

A

Oculomotor - trochlear - maxillary - ophthalmic nerves

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31
Q

What is the nerve that pass through the cavernous sinus?

A

Abducent nerve

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32
Q

This nerve is responsible for elevation of the upper eyelid .

A

The oculomotor nerve ( levator palpebrae superioris )

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33
Q

This CN is responsible for accommodation and pupillary light reflex.

A

The oculomotor nerve

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34
Q

The efferent axons of this CN pass dorsally, around the periaqueductal grey, and decussate in the midline.

A

The trochlear nerve

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35
Q

The only CN that emerges from the dorsal aspect of the brainstem.

A

The trochlear nerve

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36
Q

Lesion of the right trochlear nucleus, means that the…….. eye will be affected.

A

The left eye ( axons lass dorsally around the periaqueductal grey and *decussate in the midline )

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37
Q

Its nucleus lies beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle in the caudal pons.

A

The abducent nerve

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38
Q

Emerge from the ventral surface of the brainstem at the junction between the pons and the pyramid.

A

The abducent nerve

39
Q

Lesion causes ipsilateral internal strabismus.

A

The abducent nerve

40
Q

What is the main sensory nerve of the head?

A

The trigeminal nerve

41
Q

The roots of the …………… CN lies on the ventrolateral aspect of the pons, where it merges with the middle cerebellar peduncle.

A

The trigeminal nerve

42
Q

A CN responsible for innervation of the intracranial dura mater and intracranial arteries.

A

The trigeminal nerve

43
Q

Where does the cell bodies of afferents in the trigeminal nerve located?

A

In the trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion ( except those conveying proprioception )

44
Q

The afferents of the trigeminal nerve terminate in.

A

The trigeminal sensory nucleus

45
Q

What are the three subnuclei of the trigeminal sensory nucleus?

A
  • chief (principle) sensory nucleus.
  • mesencephalic nucleus.
  • spinal nucleus.
46
Q

The chief sensory nucleus lie in.

A

The pontine tegmentum

47
Q

One of the sub-nuclei of the trigeminal sensory nucleus, which becomes continuous with the substantia gelatinosa.

A

The spinal nucleus

48
Q

Proprioceptive afferents from the muscles of mastication and the temporomandibular joint have their cell bodies in.

A

The mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal

49
Q

Axon arising from the second-order neurons in the trigeminal nucleus decussate to form .

A

The trigeminothalamic tract (trigeminal lemniscus)

50
Q

The trigeminothalamic tract terminate in.

A

The ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus

51
Q

What are the CNs that are responsible for the corneal reflex?

A
  • the trigeminal nerve (sensory) to the trigeminal sensory nucleus.
  • the facial nerve (motor) from the facial motor nucleus.
52
Q

What are the CNs that are responsible for sneeze and cough reflexes?

A

Afferents running in either the trigeminal nerve ( from nasal mucosa ) or the vagus nerve ( from the larynx and trachea ) and ending in the trigeminal sensory nucleus.

53
Q

Interconnections between the trigeminal sensory nucleus and the …………. nucleus contributing to the sneeze and cough reflex.

A

The ambiguus nucleus

54
Q

Herpes zoster infection of the sensory roots of the trigeminal nerve lead to.

A

Pain and eruption of the vesicles in the dermatomes supplied by the trigeminal branches ( V1,2 and 3 )

55
Q

Where does the trigeminal motor nucleus located?

A

In the pontine tegmentum, medial to the chief ( principle ) sensory nucleus.

56
Q

What are the muscles that are innervated by the mandibular nerve?

A

Masseter - temporalis - lateral and medila pterygoids - tensor tempani - tensor veli palatini - mylohyoid - anterior belly of the digastric.

57
Q

What are the muscle that are responsible for opening of the jaw?

A

Lateral and medial pterygoids.

58
Q

What are the muscle that are responsible for closing the jaw?

A

Masseter and temporalis

59
Q

A CN Lies in the cerebellopontine angle.

A

The facial nerve.

60
Q

What does the sensory fibers of the facial nerve supply?

A
  • taste sensation of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
  • floor of the mouth and palate.
  • auricle of the ear.
61
Q

The cell bodies of the primary afferent neurons of the facial nerve lies in.

A

Geniculate ganglion ( within the facial canal of the petrous part temporal bone ).

62
Q

The central processes of taste fibers terminate in the rostral part of.

A

Nucleus solitarius of the medulla

63
Q

The ascending fibers from the nucleus solitarius project to.

A

The ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus

64
Q

Afferent facial nerve fibers that carry cutaneous sensation terminate in.

A

The trigeminal nucleus

65
Q

The axons of this cranial nucleus loops over the abducens nucleus before leaving the brainstem.

A

The facial motor nucleus ( in the caudal pontine tegmentum ).

66
Q

What are the muscle that are supplied by the facial nerve?

A
  • muscles of facial expressions.
  • platysma.
  • stylohyoid.
  • posterior belly of digastric.
  • the stapedius.
67
Q

This CN is responsible for Jaw jerk reflex.

A

The trigeminal nerve ( trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus + trigeminal motor nucleus ).

68
Q

Closure of the eye in response to visual stimuli is controlled by.

A

The facial nerve ( through fibers from the superior colliculus )

69
Q

What nerve is responsible for contraction of the stapedius muscle in response to loud noise.

A

The facial nerve ( through fibers coming from the superior olivary nucleus )

70
Q

This tract innervates the motor facial nucleus.

A

The corticobulbar tract

71
Q

Unilateral UMN lesion of the corticobulbar fibers give rise to paralysis of the.

A

Lower facial muscles

72
Q

The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve originate in.

A

The superior salivatory nucleus

73
Q

What are the parasympathetic ganglia of the facial nerve?

A

The submandibular + The pterygopalatine ganglia

74
Q

What is the difference between the postganglionic fibers of the two parasympathetic ganglia of the facial nerve?

A
  • Submandibular ganglion: innervate the submandibular + the sublingual salivatory glands.
  • The pterygopalatine ganglion: innervate the lacrimal gland + the oral and mucous membranes.
75
Q

A lesion of the facial nerve causes.

A

Bell’s palsy

76
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Bell’s palsy?

A
  • unilateral paralysis of the facial muscles.
  • failure to close the eye.
  • absent corneal reflex.
  • hyperacusis.
  • loss of taste sensation on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
77
Q

A sensory CN that convey impulses from the inner ear.

A

The vestibulocochlear nerve

78
Q

What are the CN that pass through the internal auditory nucleus?

A

The two divisions of the VIII and the VII CNs

79
Q

A CN attached to the brainstem at the junction of the medulla and pons ( the cerebellopontine angle ).

A

The vestibulocochlear nerve

80
Q

Where does the vestibular nuclei located ?

A

In the rostral medulla, beneath the lateral part of the floor of the 4th ventricle.

81
Q

Where does the cell bodies of the vestibular nerve located?

A

In the vestibular ganglion within the internal acoustic meatus

82
Q

Fibers of this CN make dendritic contact with hair cells of the organ of Corti within the cochlear duct of the inner ear.

A

The cochlear nerve

83
Q

Lesion of these nuclei causes nystagmus, vertigo, nausea and vomiting.

A

The vestibular nuclei

84
Q

Damage to the nuclei of the cochlear nerve causes.

A

Ipsilateral deafness

85
Q

A CN supplies the stylopharyngeus muscle by fibers coming from the superior end of the ambiguus nucleus.

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve

86
Q

Sends preganglionic PS fibers to otic ganglion to supply the parotid gland.

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve ( inferior salivatory nucleus )

87
Q

What is the nerve that responsible for taste sensation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve ( by the nucleus of tractus solitarius )
* also responsible for baroreceptors ( in the carotid sinus ) + chemoreceptors ( in the carotid body )

88
Q

What is the nerve that is responsible for sensation of posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve ( by the spinal nucleus of the TG )

89
Q

Supplies the constrictor muscles of the pharynx and the intrinsic muscles of the larynx.

A

The vagus nerve ( by the middle part of nucleus ambiguus )

90
Q

What is the nerve that convey sensation of the epiglottis, tympanic membrane and the external auditory meatus?

A

The vagus nerve

91
Q

The spinal part of this CN arises from the upper 5th cervical segments of the spinal cord.

A

The accessory nerve

92
Q

Supplies all muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus muscle.

A

The hypoglossal nerve

93
Q

Lesion causes deviation of the tongue to the affected side ( LMNL )

A

The hypoglossal nerve

94
Q

What are the two nerve that are responsible for gang and swallowing reflexes?

A

The vagus ( efferent )+ the glossopharyngeal ( afferent )

Anatomy (14 decks)

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