Anatomy of the ear

Question 1

Which part of the ear collects air vibration?

Answer 1

Auricle ( in the external ear )

Question 2

What is the nerve supply of the auricle?

Answer 2

The facial nerve

Question 3

Which part of the ear conducts sound waves from the auricle to the tympanic membrane?

Answer 3

External auditory meatus

Question 4

What is the sensory nerve supply of the external auditory meatus?

Answer 4

Auriculotemporal nerve + Auricular branch of the vagus nerve

Question 5

What is the nerve supply of the auricle?

Answer 5

The facial nerve

Question 6

Which part of the ear conducts sound waves from the auricle to the tympanic membrane?

Answer 6

External auditory meatus

Question 7

What is the lymph drainage of the external ear?

Answer 7

Superficial parotid, mastoid, and superficial cervical lymph nodes.

Question 8

What is the air conducting cavity in the petrous part of temporal bone?

Answer 8

Middle ear ( tympanic cavity )

Question 8

Transmit the vibration from the tympanic membrane ( eardrum) to the perilymph of the internal ear.

Answer 8

Auditory ossicles ( in the middle ear )

Question 9

Separating the tympanic cavity from the meninges and the temporal lobe of the brain, and forms the roof of the middle ear.

Answer 9

Tegmen tympani bone

Question 10

What is the impotence of the floor of the middle ear?

Answer 10

Separating the tympanic cavity from the superior bulb of the IJV

Question 11

What are the two openings of the anterior wall of the middle ear?

Answer 11

Lower and larger: for auditory tube

Upper and smaller: for tensor tympani muscle

Question 12

In which wall of the middle ear emerges the tendon of the stapedius muscle?

Answer 12

The posterior wall through the pyramid

Question 13

On reaching the posterior wall of the middle ear, it curves downwards behind the pyramid.

Answer 13

Prominence of the facial nerve canal.

Question 14

Triangular area in the tympanic membrane that is bounded by the malleolar folds.

Answer 14

Pars flaccida

Question 15

What is the nerve supply of the tympanic membrane?

Answer 15

Auriculotemporal + auricular branch of the vagus nerve

Question 16

What articulates with the long process of incus?

Answer 16

The head of stapes

Question 17

What is the insertion of the stapedius muscle?

Answer 17

The neck of the stapes

Question 18

What attaches the base of the stapes to the fenestra vestibuli?

Answer 18

Anular ligament

Question 19

What is the nerve supply of the tensor tympani muscle?

Answer 19

Mandibular nerve ( branch of trigeminal nerve )

Question 20

What is the nerve supply of the stapedius muscle?

Answer 20

The facial nerve

Question 21

What are the muscles of the ossicles?

Answer 21

Tensor tympani + Stapedius

Question 22

What connects the anterior wall of the tympanic membrane to the nasal pharynx?

Answer 22

The auditory tube

Question 23

It serves to equalize air pressure in the tympanic cavity and the nasal pharynx.

Answer 23

The auditory tube

Question 24

It communicates with the middle ear by the aditus.

Answer 24

The mastoid antrum

Question 25

Describe the relations of the mastoid antrum?

Answer 25

Anterior wall: middle ear + auditus to the mastoid antrum.
Posterior wall: separates the antrum from the sigmoid veinous sinus + the cerebellum.
Lateral wall: forms the floor of the suprameatal triangle.
Medial wall: posterior semicircular canal.
Superior wall: tegmen tympani.
Inferior wall: mastoid air cell ( perforated ).

Question 26

Continuous above with the mastoid antrum and the middle ear.

Answer 26

Mastoid air cells

Question 27

Descend in the posterior wall of the middle ear, behind the pyramid, and finally emerges through the stylomastoid foramen into the neck.

Answer 27

The facial nerve

Question 28

Preganglionic fibers of the greater petrosal nerve

Answer 28

Zygomatic and lacrimal nerves

Question 29

Postganglionic fibers of the greater petrosal nerve.

Answer 29

Nasal and palatine nerves

Question 30

Eventually joined by the deep petrosal nerve from the sympathetic plexus on the internal carotid artery and form the nerve of the pterygoid canal.

Answer 30

The greater petrosal nerve ( from the facial nerve )

Question 31

It supplies the muscle within the pyramid.

Answer 31

Nerve to the stapedius

Question 32

Arises from the facial nerve just above the stylomastoid foramen.

Answer 32

The chorda tympani

Question 33

Crosses the root of the handle of the malleus.

Answer 33

The Chorda tympani

Question 34

This nerve leaves the middle ear through the petrotympanic fissure and enters the infratemporal fossa, where it joins the lingual nerve.

Answer 34

The chorda tympani

Question 35

Arises from the glossopharyngeal nerve, just below the jugular foramen.

Answer 35

The tympanic nerve

Question 36

What is the nerve supply of the lining of the middle ear?

Answer 36

The tympanic plexus

Question 37

Sends secretomotor fibers to the parotid gland.

Answer 37

The lesser petrosal nerve ( from the tympanic plexus )

Question 38

The central part of the bony labyrinth.

Answer 38

The vestibule

Question 39

Part of the vestibule, closed by the secondary tympanic membrane.

Answer 39

The fenestra cochleae

Question 40

A semicircular canal, lies in the medial wall of the aditus, above the facial nerve.

Answer 40

The lateral semicircular canal

Question 41

Divides the cochlear canal into the scala vestibuli above and the scala tympani below.

Answer 41

The basilar membrane