Pharynx And Larynx Flashcards
At which level does the pharynx becomes continuous with the esophagus?
Opposite the 6th cervical vertebrae
How does the pharynx is connected to the tympanic membrane?
By the auditory tube
What are the muscles that form the wall of the pharynx?
1- superior, middle, inferior ( lower part called cricopharyngeus ) constrictor muscles. Fibers run in a circular direction
2- stylopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus. Fibers run in a longitudinal direction
The lower part of the inferior constrictor muscle, which arises from the cricoid cartilage.
The cricopharyngeus muscle
What is killian’s dehiscence?
Area on the posterior pharyngeal wall, between the upper propulsive part of the inferior constrictor muscle and the lower sphincteric part, the cricopharyngeus.
Part of the pharynx lies above the soft palate and behind the nasal cavities.
The nasal pharynx
Where does the pharyngeal tonsils located?
In the submucosa of the roof of the nasal pharynx
Where does the auditory tube located?
On the lateral wall of the nasal pharynx
Where does the palatine tonsils located?
Between the palatoglossal fold and the palatopharyngeal fold
The interval between the two palatoglossal folds, and marks the boundary between the mouth and the tongue.
Oropharyngeal isthmus
What forms the lateral wall of the laryngeal pharynx?
The thyrohyoid membrane and the thyroid cartilage
All the muscles of the pharynx are supplied by the pharyngeal plexus, except.
The stylopharyngeus muscle, by the glossopharyngeal nerve CN 9
A muscle of the pharynx aids in raising the the soft palate to close the nasal pharynx.
The superior constrictor muscle
A muscle works as a sphincter at the lower end of the pharynx.
The cricopharyngeus muscle
What is the sensory nerve supply of the pharyngeal mucous membrane?
Nasal pharynx: the maxillary nerve (V2).
Oral pharynx: the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9) (same nerve that supply the stylopharyngeus muscle).
Laryngeal pharynx: the internal laryngeal nerve (branch of the vagus).
What is the blood supply of the pharynx?
Ascending pharyngeal arteries - tonsillar branches of facial arteries - branches of maxillary and lingual arteries.
What is the lymph drainage of the pharynx?
Directly: into the deep cervical lymph nodes.
Indirectly: via the retropharyngeal or paratracheal nodes
What are the structures that lies lateral to the superior constrictor muscle?
1- the styloglossal muscle.
2- the loop of the facial artery.
3- the internal carotid artery.
What is the blood supply of the palatine tonsils?
Arteries:The tonsillar branch of the facial artery.
Veins: the external palatine, pharyngeal or facial veins.
What forms the Waldeyer’s ring of lymphoid tissue?
- Palatine and tubal tonsils laterally.
- Pharyngeal tonsil superiorly.
- Lingual tonsil inferiorly.
At which level of the vertebrae does the larynx lie?
At the level of the fourth, fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae
What are the cartilages of the larynx?
Thyroid cartilage - Cricoid cartilage - Arytenoid cartilage - Corniculate cartilage - Cuneiform cartilage - Epiglottis
What is the largest cartilage of the larynx?
The thyroid cartilage
Articulate with the upper border of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage.
The arytenoid cartilage
Articulate with the apex of the arytenoid cartilages.
The corniculate cartilage
Which laryngeal cartilage has the vocal process?
The arytenoid cartilage
A laryngeal cartilage that found on the corniculate cartilage.
The cuneiform cartilage
What holds the epiglottis?
It is attached to the back of the thyroid cartilage. The sides are attached to the arytenoid cartilages by the aryepiglottic folds
What forms the inlet of the larynx?
In front: epigleottis.
Laterally: aryepiglottic fold of mucous membrane.
Posteriorly: arytenoid cartilage + the corniculate cartilage.
Lies within and strengthen the aryepiglottic fold.
The corniculate cartilage
The piriform fossa.
Bounded medially by the aryepiglottic fold and laterally by the thyroid cartilage and the thyrohyoid membrane
Fixed folds on each side of the larynx.
The vestibular fold (vascular and pink in color)
Mobile fold on each side of the larynx.
The vocal fold (avascular and white)
The gap between the vocal cords.
Rima glottidis or glottis (bounded in front by the vocal cords and behind by the medial surface of arytenoid cartilages)
What is the narrowest part of the larynx?
The glottis
What is the narrowest part of the larynx in children?
Within the cricoid cartilage
The cavity of the larynx divided into three regions.
- the vetisbule.
- the middle region.
- the lower region.
A small recess on each side of the larynx between the vestibular and vocal folds.
Sinus of the larynx
What are the muscles that elevates the larynx (hyoid bone)?
- digastrics.
- stylohyoid.
- mylohyoid.
- geniohyoid.
- stylopharyngeus.
- salpingopharengeus.
- palatopharengeus.
What are the muscles that depresses the larynx?
Sternothyroid - sternohyoid - omohyoid muscles
What are the two muscles that responsible for modification of laryngeal inlet?
Narrowing: the oblique arytenoid muscle.
Widening: the thyroepiglottic muscle.
What is the muscle responsible for tensing the vocal cords?
The cricothyroid muscle
What is the muscle responsible for relaxing the vocal cords?
The thyroarytenoid (vocalis) muscle
What is the muscle responsible for adducting the vocal cords?
The lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
What is the muscle responsible for abducting the vocal cords?
The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
What is the muscle responsible for approximating the arytenoid cartilages?
The transverse arytenoid muscle
All the muscles of the larynx are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve except.
The cricothyroid
The frequency or pitch of the sound is determined by.
Length + tension of the vocal ligaments
The quality of the voice depend on the.
Resonators above the larynx
What is the covering of the mucous membrane of the vocal cords?
Stratified squamous epithelium
What is the nerve supply of the larynx?
Above the vocal cords: internal laryngeal nerve ( branch of the superior laryngeal branch of the vagus ).
Below the vocal cords: recurrent laryngeal nerve.
What is the blood supply of the larynx?
Upper half: superior laryngeal artery (from the s.thyroid artery).
Lower half: inferior laryngeal artery (from the i.thyroid artery)
