Organisation Of The Neck Flashcards
Part of the vertebrae consist of a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae.
The vertebral arch
What are the characteristics of a typical cervical vertebrae?
- small spines.
- small and broad body.
- large and triangle vertebral foramen.
- facest of superior articular processes face upward and backward; the inferior articular.P have facets that face downward and forward.
A vertebrae which has odontoid process.
The axis (C2)
A vertebrae which has the longest spinous process, and the process is not bifid.
C7
What are the characteristics of a typical thoracic vertebrae?
- medium size body.
- small and circular vertebral foramen.
- spines are long and inclined downward.
- costal facets for rib articulation. ( except T11 + 12 ).
What are the characteristics of a typical lumbar vertebra?
- large and kidney shaped body.
- pedicles are strong and directed backward.
- laminae are thick.
- vertebral foramena are triangle.
- long and slender transverse processes.
- short and flat spines.
A membrane connects the anterior arch of the atlas to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum.
The anterior atlanto-occipital membrane
A membrane connects the posterior arch of the atlas to the posterior margin of the foramen magnum.
The posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
A ligament connects the apex of the odontoid process to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum.
Apical ligament
Connects the odontoid process to the medial sides of occipital condyles.
Alar ligament
An upward continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament.
Membrana tectoria
Which ligament is responsible for rotation of the head on the axis?
The atlanto-axial ligament
A ligament runs in between the tips of adjacent spines.
The supraspinous ligament
A ligament connects the adjacent spines.
The interspinous ligament
A ligament connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae.
The ligamentum flavum
What are the muscles responsible for flexion at the cervical region?
Longus cervicis + scalenus anterior + sternocleidomastoid muscles
What are the muscles responsible for lateral flexion of the cervical region?
The scalenus anterior and medius + the trapezius + the srenocleidomasoid muscles
What are the muscles responsible for rotation of the cervical region?
The sternocleidomastoid on one side + the splenium on other side
Describe the origin and insertion of sternocleidomastoid muscle?
From: the manubrium sterni and medial third of clavicle.
To: mastoid process and occipital bone.
A patient complains of inability to flex, extend and rotate his neck. What is the muscle affected? And what is the nerve supply of this muscle?
The sternocleidomastoid muscle, supplied by spinal part of accessory nerve and C2+3
A muscle originate from the deep facia of the temporalis major and the deltoid and inserted on the body of mandible and angle of mouth.
The platysma muscle
What is the action of platysma muscle?
Depresses the mandible and angle of the mouth
List three muscles which contribute in depressing the mandible?
The platysma, the posterior belly of digastric and the mylohyoid
What is the difference between the origin of anterior and posterior belly of digastric?
Anterior belly: from the body of mandible.
Posterior belly: from the mastoid process.
What is the nerve supply of the digastric muscles?
The facial nerve
Originate from the styloid process to the body of hyoid bone. It elevates hyoid bone.
The stylohyoid muscle
What is the nerve supply of the mylohyoid muscle? And what is the action of it?
The inferior alveolar nerve.
It elevates floor of the mouth and depresses mandible
What is the nerve supply of sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles?
The ansa cervicalis; C1,2,3
What muscles do first cervical nerve supply?
The geniohyoid and the thyrohyoid muscles
What is the action of sternothyroid muscle?
Depresses the larynx
What is the origin of scalenus anterior muscle?
Transverse processes of third, fourth, fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae
What are the relations of scalenus anterior muscle?
Anteriorly: carotid artery, vagus nerve, internal jugular vein and the deep cervical lymph nodes.
Posteriorly: the pleura, the origin of brachial plexus and the 2nd part of subclavian artery.
Medially: the vertebral artery and vein and the sympathetic trunk. On the left side the medial border is related to the thoracic duct.
Laterally: branches of the cervical plexus, the roots of the brachial plexus and the 3rd part of the subclavian artery.
The carotid sheath, the investing layer, the pretracheal layer, and the prevertebral layer are all formed from the condensation of this cervical fascia.
The deep cervical fascia
A condensation of the deep cervical fascia surrounding the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles.
The investing layer
A layer of the deep cervical fascia that surrounds the thyroid and the parathyroid glands.
The pretracheal layer
A layer of the deep cervical fascia that forms the axillary sheath.
The prevertebral layer
What are the contents of the carotid sheath?
- The common and the internal carotid arteries.
- The internal jugular vein.
- The vagus nerve.
- The deep cervical lymph nodes.
What are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle?
The Carotid triangle - the muscular triangle - the digastric triangle - the submental triangle
By which muscle does the posterior triangle is subdivided into large occipital and small supraclavicular triangles?
The inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
