Practicals

Question 1

What is the difference between the action of the three fibers of the Trapezius?

Answer 1

Upper fibers: elevate the scapula.
Middle fibers: retract the scapula.
Lower fibers: depress the scapula.

Question 2

Which fibers of the trapezius are responsible for moving the arm above the head?

Answer 2

The upper and lower fibers

Question 3

What are the muscles responsible for moving the arm above the head?

Answer 3

1- supraspinatus muscle => 15 - 30 digress.
2- middle fibers of deltoid => up to 90 degrees.
3- trapezius assessed by serratus anterior => rotate the scapula on the thoracic wall.

Question 4

Inability to comb ( brush ) the hair can result from.

Answer 4

Injury to the spinal accessory nerve

Question 5

What is a cervical rib?

Answer 5

A congenital abnormality where there is an additional rib close to the 1st rib.

Question 6

Why does a thyroid swelling move upward during swallowing?

Answer 6

The outer layer is continuous with the pretracheal fascia.

Question 7

The superior thyroid artery is closely related to.

Answer 7

The external laryngeal nerve

Question 8

The inferior thyroid artery is closely related to.

Answer 8

The recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 9

Define the muscular and bony boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 9

Anteriorly: posterior border of the SCM.
Posteriorly: anterior border of the trapezius.
Inferiorly: medial third of the clavicle.

Question 10

The action of attempting to exhale with the nostrils and mouth.

Answer 10

Valsava’s maneuver ( to visualize the EJV )

Question 11

One of the following muscles loose its elasticity in elderly:

• SCM
• Trapezius
• Anterior belly of digastric
• Platysma

Answer 11

Platysma

Question 12

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 12

Sternohyoid + Thyrohyoid + Omohyoid (superior and inferior bellies)

Question 13

What is the nerve supply of the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 13

The ansa cervicalis

Question 14

Lies superficial to the IJV in the carotid triangle.

Answer 14

Ansa cervicalis

Question 15

Arises from the external carotid artery and supply the thyroid gland.

Answer 15

The superior thyroid artery

Question 16

A branch of the thyrocervical trunk.

Answer 16

The inferior thyroid artery

Question 17

All the muscles of the pharynx are supplied by the pharyngeal plexus, except the stylopharyngeus which is supplied by.

Answer 17

The glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 18

The pons, medulla oblongata and cerebellum are derived from.

Answer 18

Rhombencephalon

Question 19

The basal ganglia are divided by the internal capsule into.

Answer 19

1- caudate nucleus.

2- lentiform nucleus (globus pallidus + putamen).

Question 20

The corpus striatum consist of.

Answer 20

caudate nucleus + lentiform nucleus

Question 21

Lentiform nucleus consist of.

Answer 21

Putamen + globus pallidus

Question 22

What are the two fissures that divide the cerebellum into three lobes?

Answer 22

Primary fissure + posterolateral fissure

Question 23

What are the three lobes of the cerebellum?

Answer 23

Primary - Middle (posterior) - Flocculonodular

Question 24

What are the three layers of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 24

1- molecular layer.
2- Purkinje cell layer.
3- granular layer.

Question 25

Lesions of the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum leads to.

Answer 25

Posture and balance defects

Question 26

Lesions of the vermis leads to.

Answer 26

Truncal atxia

Question 27

Lesions of the cerebellar hemispheres leads to.

Answer 27

Inappropriate control of sequential motor movements